patrimony - is a form of ancient land tenure, which appeared in the tenth century on the territory of Kievan Rus.Just at that time there were the first feudal lords who owned large areas of land.Initial votchinniki were nobles and princes, that is the big landowners.Since the X and XII centuries until, under the domain is the main form of land ownership.
The term is derived from the Old Russian word "paternal", that is what moved her son from his father.Also, it could be a property derived from the grandfather or great-grandfather.The princes and boyars received patrimony inherited from their fathers.There are three ways to purchase land: redemption talent for the service ancestral inheritance.Wealthy landowners manage multiple fiefdoms, they increased their property due to foreclosure or exchange of land, seizure of communal peasant lands.
patrimony - is the property of a particular person, he could land swap, sell, rent or share, but only with the consent of relatives.In the event that one of the family members opposed such a deal, the patrimonial could not exchange or sell their allotments.For this reason, the absolute property of the patrimonial estates can not be named.Large landholdings owned not only the nobles and the rulers, and the higher clergy, large monasteries, members of the teams.After creating a church-patrimonial tenure appeared church hierarchy, that is, the bishops, metropolitans, etc.
patrimony - is the buildings, fields, forests, meadows, animals, equipment, as well as the peasants living in the land tenure votchinnik.While the peasants were not serfs, they were free to move from one land votchinnik the territory of another.Yet landowners have certain privileges, especially in the sphere of justice.They formed the administrative and economic apparatus for organizing the daily life of the peasants.The owners of land have the right to collect taxes, had judicial and administrative authority over living on their territory people.
In XV century there was such a thing as an estate.This term includes a large fief, a gift from the state military or civil servants.If the patrimony - is private property, and pick it up no one had the right, the estate was confiscated from the owner to stop the service or because of the fact that it was not well-groomed appearance.Most of the estates occupied lands processed serfs.
At the end of the XVI century a law was passed, according to which the estate could be inherited, but provided that the successor will continue to serve the state.Perform any manipulation of the donated land is prohibited, but the landlords as votchinniki are entitled to farmers, with which they are levied taxes.
In the XVIII century ancestral lands and estate were equalized.Thus was created a new kind of property - the estate.In conclusion, it is worth noting that the patrimony of the earlier form of ownership rather than the estate.They both involve ownership of land and the peasants, but the patrimony considered personal property with the right of pledge, exchange, sale, and farm - state property with the prohibition of any manipulation.Both forms have ceased to exist in the XVIII century.
