That moment, when the abolition of serfdom, is widely regarded as a watershed in the history of Russia.Despite the gradual reforms undertaken, they have become a significant impetus for the development of the state.This date is not in vain is given a value.Anyone who considers himself an educated and literate person should remember what year the abolition of serfdom in Russia.After all, if it were not for the Manifesto, signed February 19, 1861 and dismissed the peasants, we have now lived in a completely different state.
Serfdom in Russia was a peculiar form of slavery, applies only to the villagers.This feudal system stood firm in the country, is striving to become a capitalist, and significantly slowed its development.This was particularly evident after 1856 had lost the Crimean War.According to many historians, the consequences of defeat were devastating.But they clearly showed the technical backwardness, economic failure of the empire and the scope of the political crisis that threatens to turn into a revolution of the peasants.
who abolished serfdom?Naturally, the Manifesto was signed Tsar Alexander II, who reigned at the time.But the haste with which the decision was made, says Internally these measures.Alexander himself admitted that the delay threatens that "the peasants would free themselves."
It should be noted that the question of the need for reforms in agriculture was raised repeatedly in the early 1800s.Especially persistently we talked about this liberal strata of the nobility.However, the response to these calls was only a leisurely "the study of the peasant question", which covers the tsarist reluctance to part with the usual principles.But everywhere it has led to intensified exploitation of peasant discontent and numerous cases of defection from the landowners.In this developing industry demanded of workers in the cities.It was necessary, and a market for manufactured goods, and the widespread subsistence farming prevented its expansion.Strengthen the radicalization of the public contributed to the revolutionary-democratic ideas NGChernyshevsky and NADobrolyubova activities of secret societies.
king and his advisers, when the abolition of serfdom, proved political vision, being able to find a compromise solution.On the one hand, the peasants received personal freedom and civil rights, even if disadvantaged.The threat of revolution delayed for a considerable period of time.Russia has once again received international recognition as a progressive country with good governance.On the other hand, Alexander II managed to ongoing reforms in the first place consider the interests of the landlords and make them beneficial to the state.
Contrary to the opinion of educated noblemen who analyzed the European experience in comparison with the Russian reality and presents numerous projects of future reforms, the peasants received personal freedom without land.Plots that were given to them for use, remain the property of landlords to their full repayment.During this period, the farmer is "temporarily obligated" and was forced to carry out all previous service.As a result, freedom becomes a beautiful word, and the position of "rural inhabitants" was still extremely difficult.In fact, when the abolition of serfdom, a form of dependence on the landlord replaced the other, in some cases, even more burdensome.
Soon the state became pay for the new "owners" value of vested land, in fact, providing a loan at 6% a year for 49 years.Because of this "virtuous deeds" for the earth, the real value of which was about 500 million rubles. Treasury received about 3 billion.
Terms of reform was not satisfied and most enterprising peasants.After ownership of the plots are not passed to each farmer in particular, and to the community that helped to solve many financial problems, but for the enterprising becomes an obstacle.For example, taxes and redemption payments peasants carried out the world.As a result, I had to pay for those community members who themselves that for various reasons, could not do.
These and many other nuances led to the fact that all over Russia, from March 1861 when the abolition of serfdom, peasant revolts began to break out.The number of provinces, the thousands, but the most significant was about 160. However, the fears of those who expected the "new Pugachevshchina" did not materialize, and by the autumn of the same year, the excitement subsided.
Decision on the abolition of serfdom has played a huge role in the development of capitalism and industry in Russia.For this reform was followed by others, including the judiciary, to a large extent who shot the acuteness of contradictions.However, excessive compromise nature of amendments and a clear underestimation of the influence of the People's Freedom ideas caused a bomb explosion, which killed March 1, 1881, Alexander II, and revolutions that changed the country in the early twentieth century.
