think about their future and plan their own old age - it is a rational approach to life.And in Western countries is the desire of citizens fully supported the legislation in force for many decades.In Russia, the pension reform act for a long time, a little more than a decade.Despite this, many working citizens to today can not understand what is funded and the insurance part of the pension, and, consequently, how much money they will provide in their old age.In order to sort out this issue, you need to familiarize yourself with the following information below.
Background change the pension system
Until 2002, the calculation of pensions of citizens took place on the "principle of solidarity", which has been used since the days of the USSR.Abroad, such a distribution system called «pay as you go», which translated into Russian means "pay as you go."The essence of this system was that the pension contributions of all working citizens were distributed among the people who are retired at the moment.Such an approach is quite logical and justified, but only until such time as the pension burden did not increase rapidly.Previously, the minimum amount to ensure a pensioner vested in the 2 - 2.5 working people, but with the deterioration of the demographic situation in the country, this figure is rapidly decreased.And, according to experts, is already old in 2020 this ratio will be 1: 1.
In addition, contributions to the insurance part of the pension which are deducted in the PF nationals working for the state act as investment in the modernization of the economy.Changing the pension legislation, the State not only ensures the future of their people, but also receives a significant infusion of capital in its own development.
essence of the reform and the formation of labor pension
Since 2002, entered into force 4 of the Act governing the balanced operation of the pension system.However, to talk about the dramatic changes in accordance with the contents of these documents, it is impossible, since they are the smooth transition of the distribution system, the pre-existing, to the distribution and accumulation.
Since the entry into force of the new legislation the formation of labor pension is carried out in the OPS (mandatory pension insurance), and it consists of three main parts: insurance, basic and funded.As for the size of the pensions of citizens, it is calculated according to the formula established by federal law.
In general, the reform has allowed Russian citizens to control their own pension, increasing the accumulation of their own with the help of private management companies or specialized private pension funds.
main problem pensioners
Despite the fact that the pension reform in Russia has been operating for a long time, many pensioners and working citizens still have not figured out that is funded and the insurance part of the pension.And, therefore, can not properly dispose of their savings and get a decent profit.That is why, beginning to consider the current pension system, should explore the basic concepts.And only after that talk, whether to transfer the funded part of pensions and how to do it?
pension system 2002-2010
All employers federation, in accordance with the applicable law, should implement a monthly payment of contributions to the pension fund in the amount of 20% of the salary of each employee.By the end of 2007, the rate was divided into three parts: a 4% was funded part, 10% - insurance, and, accordingly, 6% - base.This distribution was not quite fair to the citizens who want to increase their income from investments and retirement to get a decent amount of monthly support.Since January 2008, entered into force amendments to the law on pension reform.According to them, the percentage of the insurance part of the pension was reduced by 2 units, which translated into a collection article.
As for individual entrepreneurs, is in accordance with the law, they have an obligation to pay a monthly PF clearly fixed rate.For organizations of any ownership, using a special simplified system of taxation, provided contributions to the insurance part of the pension amounting to 10% and 4% - the funded.
Basic part of pensions
smallest component of pensions in favor of the base, which is a strictly fixed amount, established by the state as a guarantee obligations to citizens.Initially, in 2002 it was 450 rubles, but every year, this amount is indexed to inflation.
worth noting that the formal basic pension is financed from monthly contributions that employers deduct the PF.But in fact, this amount is not enough for payments, so it compensates for the federal budget.After all, no matter what the size of the insurance part of the pension base entered in the current period to the accounts of PF, the government should honor its commitments to socially unprotected citizens.
This amount is assigned to ensure that all citizens who have reached retirement age, whose experience makes robots more than five years.Adjusted upward rate relies only to persons over the age of 80 years old, the disabled and individuals with disabled dependents.In principle, this amount has joined former surcharges, compensatory allowances and minimum pension.Ёё main function is to provide some basic social guarantees, which is confirmed by its very name.
Since early 2010, the liability component of the pension system has disappeared, and was replaced by a fixed part of the pension insurance.
Features funded pension
actions in recent years in the Russian pension reform involves the use of such concepts as cumulative part of the pension, which is formed from 6% of contributions made by the employer to the pension fund on a monthly basis.A distinctive feature of its components from other pension schemes is that it is "live" means increasing the size of which depend entirely on the employee.The essence of funded pension is the ability to self-invest their money.How it will be able to increase the accumulation of capital depends on choosing the right investment strategy, in other words, who will be given to the management of money.
first payments under this article after the reform citizens began to receive from July 01, 2012, when the law came into force № 360-FZ (the people that document known as a "Paymaster Law").Of course, the amount received by citizens is not very big as, in principle, a period of accumulation, but it was the first step to ensure independent old age.
Reforming the pension system in the Russian Federation continues at the present time.Already signed a number of laws governing payments and the method of forming part of it is funded.One of the innovations, which is to know about everything, says that since 2015, this component of the pension will be formed for all employees "by default".This means that without filing a declaration of the transfer of funds under the management of other organizations funded part automatically goes to the insurance.
To entrust the management of savings?
Today, there are three options for management of pension savings, and each has its advantages and "pitfalls".
So, the first thing you can do with your pension savings savings - it's just leave them in the public PF.Good option, no need to spend time and effort on paperwork, but by him, we can only hope that by the time the well-deserved rest, inflation will leave at least a small amount of old age.Another major drawback is the fact that the person does not enter into an individual agreement with PF and has no reliable information about the status of their money.The advantage of this control can be called that a guarantee return of funds serves the state itself.
The second option is much more profitable and the first is to ensure that the funded part of the pension can be transferred to the management of the Criminal Code (the management company).The yield from such investments albeit slightly, but higher than inflation, which guarantees the safety of savings.In this embodiment, like the previous one, the guarantor of the state, and a person can once a year to receive information about your savings account.Despite the economic benefits, the financial management of the Criminal Code has a very high degree of risk, since these organizations are entitled to invest in profitable instruments.
third option may take advantage of people who are not only well-oriented in what is funded and the insurance part of the pension, but also willing to give up the patronage of the federation, entrusting their funds of private pension funds.Since signing an individual contract funded part of a pension becomes the property of NPF.Undoubtedly, the yield from such investments will be significantly higher than inflation, but even that can not guarantee the fulfillment of obligations to return the funds.
Before you choose to provide old-age variant of investment funded part of pension should carefully consider all the options.
How to transfer the funded part of a pension?
Today, active members of the pension reform, which are involved in the funded program, are citizens of Russia, who were born after 1967.They can independently monitor part of its pensions and decide where to invest this amount of money.Many, of course, without creating additional difficulties currently prefer to keep the money in the pension fund of the federation and hope only for the state.But those who are not satisfied with an annual income below inflation, may transfer their savings to the management company or the NPF.Term Translation funded part of the pension is not limited timeframe, so the application can be submitted at any time.However, the investment agreement will come into effect from January next year, and the money from the federal PF a new management company listed until March 31.If for any reason the insured person is dissatisfied with the result of cooperation with the management company, then after one year funded part of pension can be transferred to another CC.
funded pillar pension today
loyal conditions for investment accumulation funds operating in the Russian Federation only until 2013, when the government at the legislative level inactivity benefited the citizens who simply are not engaged in their investments.But not so categorical as it seems at first glance.For those who want to seriously address the issue of its own old age, this option is provided in full.It is for this prolonged funded part of the pension, the exact timing of when people can choose the bet and the company for investment.By 2015, every working citizen may apply to the preservation of 6% of contributions to the savings fund.If the document is served does not, the state has the right to reduce this rate to 2%, or even to transfer its entire interest in the insurance part of the pension.While there is a chance to preserve and successfully invest their pension savings funds are urgently needed to address the PF.
How to get pensions?
Since entering the well-deserved rest every citizen to participate in a funded pension plan, is entitled to receive the money.This can be done in three ways, suitable for a pensioner.Firstly, if the amount of savings is insignificant, we can arrange a lump sum which will be carried out within 90 days of the filing of the relevant application.Second, you can stretch the payments for a specified period and systematically receive a fixed amount.Third, if the insurance part of old-age pension is not high, it is possible to divide the accumulated funds for the period of survival and receive them as allowance.
But like every rule, the law on payment of funded pensions there are exceptions that allow for immediate payment.However, they rely on only one category of insured persons, which is co-financed programs and to pay contributions on their own.For example, it may be women who devote part of the maternity capital to the pension fund.The period of such payments can not be less than 10 years.
Inheritance accumulative pension funds
Knowing what is funded and the insurance part of the pension is not difficult to guess which of them have more chances to ensure a dignified old age.But that's not all the benefits of the funded component.Its receivers can inherit the insured person.It's enough to appeal to the Criminal Code or pension fund and file the appropriate documents.
insurance part of pensions
addressing the substance of the insurance part of the pension, it is safe to say that this component is part of the old pension system.After all the contributions paid by employers to ensure that the article placed at the disposal of the state and distributed among current retirees.Consequently, the insurance part of old-age pension - it is only a concept that is conditional cumulative.
Even before 2010, the pension component was isolated in a separate category and it will be deducted only 8% of monthly contributions from employers.But then the percentage of the insurance part of the pension supplemented base, significantly increasing the insurance fund.Such a redirection of funds coming to the state, allowed for the payment of pension obligations to all current retirees, without additional investment.
Basic terminology based pension
Before considering what part of the pension insurance, and which will be paid to the cumulative man after reaching the retirement age, it is necessary to consider several other important concepts.So, under the commonly used term "pension capital" shall mean the amount of money generated from the monthly employee contributions for all years of seniority.The second, but equally important concept that you need to know to calculate the size of the insurance part of pensions - "term survival."The use of this term, at first glance, seems quite rude and disrespectful to pensioners, but without him calculate the monthly provision is simply impossible.It denotes the presumable term survival of venerable age citizens and equal for all, but this is not to say that at the expiration of this time, people will no longer receive a pension.Subsequently the amount paid from the state budget to the same extent as before.
How to calculate the pension?
To understand how the insurance part of the pension will be paid to citizen after reaching the retirement age, it is necessary to know exactly the size of the pension capital and the established legal term survival.And the latter figure in 2002 was 12 years and increases every year for 12 months.Thus, in 2013 the period the figure was 228 months.
calculated monthly insurance coverage for a simple mathematical formula: COA = PC / CD + CP where PCs - the estimated pension assets formed from retiree contributions for the years of work experience;DM - set period of payment of pension (term survival);CP - fixed part of pension, which was previously called the base portion.
To pension received is consistent with the level of inflation, the insurance part of labor pension is indexed annually.This approach to the preservation of citizens' income allows you to save the stability of living conditions of pensioners.
impact of reforms on the lives of military pensioners
All the laws of the pension reform, which entered into force in 2002, the right of military pensioners to receive a well-deserved retirement in full have been infringed.In other words, the category of people who for many years to repay debts to the state, and went on a holiday, I believe only the insurance part of the military pension.
