history - it is our past.She talks about all the events and facts that accompanied our ancestors.It is the science concerned with the study of past events, the reasons why they occurred, and clarifying the truth.Basic data and results obtained from the stored documents that tell about specific incidents.
historical process, according to VOKliuchevskoi, a collection of success, and progress in terms of human life or the life of mankind as a whole in its development and results.
The word "process" - a succession of states in the course of development of a phenomenon.
basis of the historical process, of course, is an event.It is embodied in them, any activity of individuals and mankind as a whole.There is also marked by political, economic, social and cultural ties and relationships between individuals.
subjects of the historical process - a person or an organization of people who are directly involved in specific events.These organizations may be social communities who live in the same area and have the same mentality, culture and traditions.The result of their work is to create a common to each individual material and spiritual values.
Social groups may differ in age, gender, professional, religious grounds, but they must also have symptoms, they are united.Among these groups are, for example, class, state, and various classes of the population.
to the subjects can be attributed to individuals who directly took part in the historical events.Most believe those politicians, monarchs, kings and presidents.A huge contribution to the historical process of making of culture, art and science.
From the standpoint of Marx and Engels historical process should be seen as the study of socio-economic formations, which are the stages of this process.The decisive factor in the development of society - is the method of production.That is, the ratio of the forces of production and relations of production.While the policy framework and spiritual development are only add-on that depends on the method of production.Some facts and events - the results of the social revolution that occurred in the collision of conflicting interests between the classes.Marx and Engels regarded the historical process through the lens of communism, which acts as the ultimate goal.
Proponents of the theory of post-industrial society also talk about the development of mankind stepped on doagrarnogo to post-industrial society.
Based on the theory of modernization, the company has developed as a result of the transition from the concrete to the traditional relations of formal rational.The most important features of the company include individual personal freedom, freedom of economic activity, the inviolability of human rights, rule of law and political pluralism.
There formational and the opposite, the civilizational approach.Proponents of the theory of linear-step in favor of the definition of the criterion of steps-steps in the system of cultural values.
According to the theory of local civilizations (one of the branches of the civilizational approach), periodization of the historical process can not be based on the allocation steps-steps.The founder of this direction is Arnold Toynbee.In his scientific work he shared the history of the world in the history of individual civilizations, each of which individually pass all the stages (from the beginning to fracture and decomposition).It is only their combination - this is world history.
