Gregorian calendar - the most common at present chronological system, named after Pope Gregory XII, who insisted on introducing it in the Catholic world.Many people mistakenly believe that it was Gregory came up with this system, however, it is not so.According to one version, the main inspiration for this idea was an Italian physician Aloysius, who theorized the need to change existing prior to this era.
problem of chronology at all times was hot enough, because what is taken as a reference point, and what are day, month and year, largely depends on the development of historical science in the country and even the world of ordinary citizens.
There were and there are plenty of chronological systems: some are taking as a basis for the motion of the moon around the earth, the other point of reference consider creation of the world, the third - leaving Muhammad from Mecca.In many civilizations, each change of ruler led to a change in the calendar.Thus one of the main difficulties is the fact that no earth day, earth or not last year to round the number of hours and days, the whole question is - what to do with the remaining residue?
One of the first was the most successful systems of the so-called Julian calendar, named after Julius Caesar, Gaius, in whose reign he had appeared.The main innovation is that to every fourth year was added one day.This year was to be called a leap year.
However, the introduction of a leap year only during smoothed problem.On the one hand, continued, though not as rapidly as before, collect the difference between the calendar year and the rain, and with another - the day of Easter falls on different days of the week, though, according to the majority of Catholics, Easter should always fall on a Sunday.
In 1582, after many calculations and based on accurate astronomical calculations, in Western Europe there was a shift in the Gregorian calendar.This year in many European countries immediately after the October 4 came fifteenth.
Gregorian calendar was very similar to the basic provisions of its predecessor: a normal year and consists of 365 days and a leap - from 366, the number of days I was only in February - 28 or 29. The main difference is that eliminates the Gregorian calendarthe number of leap years, all multiples of one hundred, except those divisible by 400. In addition, if the Julian calendar New Year is the first of September or the first of March, the new chronological system it was originally declared on December 1 and then shifted morefor a month.
in Russia under the influence of the Church a new calendar for a long time did not recognize, believing that through it the whole sequence of events was broken evangelical.The Gregorian calendar was introduced in Russia only in the beginning of 1918 after the Bolsheviks came to power as soon as it is the first of February fourteenth.
Despite the much greater accuracy, Gregorian system is still imperfect.However, if in the Julian calendar, an extra day was formed over 128 years, the Gregorian would require 3200.
