in the XIII century travelers from Central Asia and India was brought news that was formed in the east of the new state - the Mongol Empire, which soon came to the Russian border.
In those days the territory from China to the lake was inhabited by the Mongolian tribes.The Tartars, who lived there first were the sworn enemies of the Mongols, but they had to come to terms with the fact that the Mongols conquered them.Thus, both the tribe Western Europe and Russia came to be called simply the Tartars.
the second half of the XII century the Mongols began to die off tribal relations, and with the emergence of private property form a separate family.At that time Russia was more advanced state than the Mongols, who roamed.
The richest among the Mongols is the one who had more cattle and horses.To do this, they needed more land.The Mongols had their own leaders, called hanami.At khans were subordinate noyons, who were the tribal leaders.They captured their livestock to better grazing land.Hana with noyons kept fighting squads, consisting of herdsmen who were simply poor tribesmen.Large khans could afford to be selective Guard, which served nukers.
The Mongols at that time began to emerge feudal relations that can be called statehood.Cities Mongol Empire did not build, and wealth merilos number of pastures and livestock.It was believed that the Mongols - a backward civilization.They were very warlike people.In order to capture new pastures, without hesitation, they destroyed those who previously belonged to these pastures.
Mongols planted their children in a child seat, and therefore each of them was an excellent rider and virtuoso lasso, bow and arrows.Their horses were shaggy, stunted, had amazing stamina.
Towards XIII century Mongol khans began to fight for the championship.Winning subjugated losers, and they became the subjects of a stronger Khan and fought on his side.A rebellious became slaves.Mongol Empire held its emergence incessant tribal wars, and later - their unions.The leaders exalt himself internecine wars, act differently in those days did not know how.
In the early sixties of the XII century Mongol leader Yisugei a large number of tribes united under his command.His elder son was Temuchen, which we all know as Genghis Khan.After a while Yisugei poisoned, and his army scattered.
widow for a long time lived in poverty until then, until Temuchen grew and gathered his squad, with whom he had fought with the other Khans.He succeeded in subordinating several Mongol tribes, to win the throne for himself "Hamag Mongol ulus", which means that all the Mongols were subject only to him.In those days he was a young, bold, reckless and ruthless warrior.But he could, under certain circumstances, and to retreat.
It Temuchenom been reformed, in which the decimal system was introduced organization of the army.He created a personal guard with a great privilege for noyons and nokors who was released from taxes.At the same time, he conquered the rest of the tribes.Newest conquered tribe they were great Tatars.At this time, the area of Mongolia has reached 22% of the territory of the Earth.In the years 1204-1205 Temuchena proclaimed Genghis Khan - the great khan.It is in these times of the Mongol Empire began its existence.
