first form of social organization of people in an era of primitive society was tribal community.This association of blood relatives who lived in the same area and collectively engaged in the conduct of the general economy.It is characterized by the solidarity and unity of all its members.People working for the common good, and it was a collective property.But parallel to the process of division of labor and the separation of agriculture from pastoralism, there was a surplus product.This led to the division of the family clan.Collective property distributed among the families of the beginning parts.This led to the emergence of private property, that accelerated the decomposition of labor and folding neighborhood community in which family ties are no longer paramount.
neighboring communities (also called rural, territorial or peasant) - the settlement of the people do not associate blood ties, but they occupy a limited area to be treated collectively.Each member of the community of the family is entitled to a part of the community property.
People no longer work together.Each family had its own plot of land, tillage, implements, livestock.However, on land (forest, pastures, rivers, lakes, etc.) there is still communal property.
turned into a neighborhood community organization on the society as a subordinate element of performing only a fraction of public functions: accumulation of manufacturing experience, the regulation of land tenure, the organization of self-preservation of traditions, worship, etc.People cease to be a species-being, which belongs to the community had a comprehensive meaning;they become free.
Depending on the particular combination of private and collective elements stand Asian, antique German and neighborhood community.
East Slavs moved to the neighboring community in the 7th century.She remained for a very long time, because this measure taken by the authorities.Community hampers the ruin of the peasants.The practice of land redistribution gave the poor a chance to get a site that primarily to fertilize their wealthy neighbors.Esprit de corps forced the wealthier peasants to pay taxes for the poor villagers.In addition, there was a forced rotation, do not let grown rich to farm on their own to focus on forcing neighbors.
All this hampered the natural process of separation of peasants: some could not get rich, the other - completely ruined.However, the neighborhood community could not change the objective laws of development.She was only able to temporarily delay the decomposition of the peasant society.
From the perspective of the development of agriculture, its existence was also a negative phenomenon.By the mid-19th century it was necessary to change something.The abolition of serfdom was the first powerful blow to the community.Farmers were allowed to enter into contracts permitted by law, contracts and other liabilities.Freed from dependence was allowed to par with the rest of the trade, to open factories, recorded in the shop, engage in crafts, etc.But even now the authorities were not ready for the complete elimination of the community.
It was a tool for collecting taxes, kept the peasants in the countryside, without giving them the opportunity to go into the city.The authorities also believed that the rural community and the need to prevent the ruin of the peasants, who can become a "plague proletarianizers" that could become a threat to the regime.Therefore, in Russia such community has existed for much longer than it could in the circumstances where it would not artificially constrained by the expansion in the course of capitalist development.Finally, she was eliminated only in the 20th century, as a result of the Stolypin reforms.
