term "temperature" came at a time when physicists thought that the warm bodies are composed of more specific substance - caloric - the same body, but cold.And the temperature was treated as a value corresponding to the amount of caloric in the body.Since the temperature of any bodies is measured in degrees.But in fact it is a measure of the kinetic energy of moving molecules, and, on this basis, it should be measured in joules, according to the SI units.
term "absolute zero temperature" comes from the second law of thermodynamics.According to it, the process of heat transfer from a cold body to a hot impossible.This concept was introduced by the British physicist William Thomson.His achievements in the physics of the Queen of England was granted a knighthood "Lord" and the title of "Baron Kelvin."In 1848, W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) suggested the use of a temperature scale in which the initial point took absolute zero temperature, corresponding to the limiting cold and scale division took degrees Celsius.The unit is 1/27316 share Kelvin temperature of the triple point of water (about 0 deg. C), that is,temperature at which the pure water is directly in three forms: ice, liquid water and steam.Absolute zero temperatures - is the minimum possible lowest temperature at which molecular motion stops, and the substance of it is already impossible to remove the heat.Since then, the scale of absolute temperature was named after his name.
temperature is measured on different scales
most used temperature scale is named "Celsius".It is based on two points on the phase transition temperature of the liquid water into steam and water into ice.A. Celsius in 1742 suggested that the distance between the reference points divided into 100 intervals, and the boiling point of water taken as zero, and the freezing point of 100 degrees.But the Swede Linnaeus proposed to do the opposite.Since water freezes at Zero degrees Celsius AA.Although the exact Celsius it should boil.Absolute zero Celsius corresponds to minus 273.16 degrees Celsius.
There are several temperature scales: Fahrenheit, Reaumur, Rankin, Newton, Roemer.They have different reference points and division value.For example Reaumur scale is also built on the frames is boiling and freezing point of water, but it has 80 divisions.Fahrenheit scale, which appeared in 1724, is used in everyday life only in certain countries, in Vol. H. The United States;reference points: one - the temperature of a mixture of water ice - ammonia and the other - the human body.The scale is divided into one hundred divisions.Zero corresponds to 32 degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit.Translation degrees Fahrenheit can be done according to the formula: F = 1,8 C + 32. Reverse Translation: = (F - 32) / 1,8 where: F - Fahrenheit, C - Celsius.If you are too lazy to count, go to the online service to translate the Celsius to Fahrenheit.In a frame type in the number of degrees Celsius, press the "Calculate" button, select the "Fahrenheit" and click "Start."The result appears immediately.
Rankine scale is named after the English (or more precisely Scottish) William J. Physics. Rankin, who was a contemporary of Calvin, and one of the founders of technical thermodynamics.Its scale three important points: the beginning - absolute zero, the freezing point of water 491.67 degrees Rankine and boiling water 671.67 degrees.The number of divisions between the freezing water and boiling of it and the Rankine, and Fahrenheit equals 180.
Most of these scales are extremely physics.And 40% of respondents in these days of American students graduate classes said they did not know what the absolute zero temperature.
