Serfdom, the definition of which was revealed for the first time, the dependence of peasants from the power of the feudal lord and the administrative and judicial character, was the hardest in Europe.
Submission judicial and administrative authorities certain feudal peasants inherited.They were deprived of the right to the alienation of land plots and real estate purchase.
worth zatmetit that serfdom in Russia dates back to the Kievan Rus and it lasted until the mid-19th century.For the first time of serfdom it is mentioned in the "Russian Truth", which can be seen in the law of the provisions of class inequality.It says that you can not refer to the testimony of a slave.In that case, if the witness is not a free man, then we can point to the boyars Chiune.If necessary, a small claim is possible to refer to the purchase.
Purchase - a free man, who worked for the farmer, it was called stinks.Another form of dependent people in tsarist Russia were ryadovichi - it is farmers who entered into the contract, a number.
Serfdom in Russia imprisons the population in the period from XV to XVII century.Of Law from 1497 satisfy the necessary requirements for the ruling class.Limiting the output of the peasant it was formalized at the legislative level.Now, each time leaving the farmer needed to make the elderly - a certain amount of the agreed size, which was mandatory for all farmers.The size was determined by the elderly, in which the yard was located courtyard: a forest steppe belt.
Compared to certificates, the period of XIV - XV centuries, of Law did serfdom in Russia tougher.This is especially evident in the second half of Laws, where access is limited and large the most mobile of the population from rural areas, who were called novoprihodtsami or new contractors.It is the peasants who passed on the expiration of the annual or other short term, to another farmer.
Code of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich from 1597 entitled the landowner for the past five years, and returned to its owner.The period of investigation of runaway peasants increases the Decree of 1642, which was published Romanov Mikhail Fedorovich.In accordance with runaway peasants searched for over ten years, and exported - 15 years.
Sobor position 1649 Alexis has introduced a total ban on the transition of the peasants and the "Yuri's Day" as well.Thus, farmers has been attached to the holder and not to the ground.During the reign of Peter 1 makes it possible to go through the recruitment of the peasantry.Despite the fact that serfdom in Russia lasted for several centuries, the common measure of attachment of the peasants were completely absent.
It should be noted that serfdom in Europe was not such a long and difficult period of time as in Tsarist Russia.Here it several times and was introduced and abolished.
Already in the mid-14th century, the work of the peasants, who are too became extinct after the plague has become more valuable.Previously European peasants were slaves, now such a status they had lost, but were not yet free.
