higher Muslim schools in the Arab caliphate called madrassas, the first time these institutions were in the IX century BCThe first of these was opened in the year 859 in Morocco.Madrasah usually worked in mosques, they taught the Arabic language, the Qur'an, the history of Islam, Hadith, Sharia (Muslim code of ethics that forms the moral views of Muslims), Kalam.In the Middle Ages, the higher Muslim schools often had not only the theological and cultural significance.
Education in the Islamic world
Arab Caliphate has its origin from the Prophet Muhammad, rather, created by them in the Hejaz in the beginning of VII century community.When, after the relocation of Muslims established in Medina, the Prophet Muhammad told them to teach their children to read and write at mosques.Gradually there were separate facilities, primary school counterparts.
emerged in the Islamic world and the first senior Muslim schools - Nizamiyya.Besides training, even in ancient times, it was free, and could all learn - children of nobles and merchants sat next to the children of peasants and artisans.They taught other than the Koran, literature, mathematics, medicine, chemistry, history, linguistics and other sciences.Largely preserved ancient structure of education in the Islamic countries to this day.
oldest madrasa world: Miri Arab
In the XVI century in Bukhara was built higher Muslim school Miri Arab.Since its inception and until closing (in the 20-ies of XX century) it remains one of the most prestigious in Central Asia.Some periods of Soviet-era Miri Arab was the only one in the entire USSR.Among the graduates - Mukhammedzhan Husain, Miyan Mali, Sheikh Kazy-Askar, a former Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov and others.Madrasah operates and is currently teaching at the same time more than 100 students.
Madrasah - part of the complex Poi Kalon ("Beneath the Great"), whose construction is attributed to Sheikh Abdullah Yamani, known under the nickname of Mir-Arab.Sheikh had a great influence on the Sultan of Bukhara Khan Ubaidulla.According to some sources, the madrasah was built on the money raised by Khan for the sale of three thousand Persian captives (Ubaidulla Khan has repeatedly led his troops to raid the Khorasan).
Zyndzhyrly and Al-Karaouine
Zyndzhyrly madrasah (Bakhchisarai) - one of the oldest in Eastern Europe - in 2010 celebrated 510 years since its foundation.This higher Muslim school was built in 1500 and operated until 1917. In 2006 started the project of restoration of the madrasa and tomb of Haji Giray, and by 2010 the building was put in order.In 2015, the school was transferred to the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Crimea.
At the root of the school of Al-Karaouine was a woman - in 859, she founded the madrassa and a mosque in memory of his father, a wealthy merchant Mohammed Al-Fihri.It is the oldest institution of Morocco and the oldest of the existing.It learned to Leo Africanus, Maimonides, Ibn Khaldun.The building was rebuilt several times - now it is the prayer hall can accommodate more than 20 000 people.In 1947, the educational center became a university in the European sense of the word.
Modern School in the 1960s, in many Islamic countries passed reform public education.As a result, there were two main types of madrasas: spiritual, in which trained imams and secular, who played the role of middle or high school with "normal" subjects (mathematics, languages, computer science and other disciplines).There is a third option - to private schools.
higher Muslim schools first and second type exist thanks to donations and the support of sponsors.Most of them offer their students, in addition to training, free hostel (as well as food and help with further education).
few years ago appeared online school (in Russia this occurred in 2013.) - at the end of training they provide evidence in general, their courses are guided by programs that use "normal" higher Muslim schools.
