Ancient World, Middle Ages, modern times, the newest - all stages of social development, which are based on socio-economic formation.It is based on it originated formational approach to the study of history.What it is, which categories are displayed on the basis of his who was the founder?These questions are invited to consider.
classical education teaches history at a certain stage of development, the main characterizing feature of which is the formation of people.This research approach to the past was developed and validated by Karl Marx.He argued that the use of a method such as formation approach to history, is the only true to distinguish stages of human development.Is it so?
Based on his work, formational approach - a study of the development of society from primitive society to the present modification based on an economic model.The transition should be carried out mainly due to the so-called "revolutions", iea fundamental change in the life of society.
So the primitive communal system appears first in a series of formations which distinguishes formation approach.On the history of humanity it belongs as a harbinger of civilizations.Archaeological evidence suggests that while the proto-economy based on 3 types of activities: fishing, hunting and gathering.The main tools were so primitive that with their help it was impossible to develop other activities.However, the constant migration could not provide the growing needs of the developing human.There was a need for new instruments, with which and became slaves.Their appearance was the fundamental changes that make the transition to a new formation - slave system.
Besides formation of a new type of society, at the same time begins, and the rapid growth of receiving obscherodovoy called "slave."
next turning point came at a time when the effectiveness of slave labor has become so low that I had to find a new method of functioning of the economy.They began to lease land relations, is gradually taking shape in Europe, Asia and Russia.Mark, it follows that the latter never in a state considered above first economic formation.Thus was born a new stage of development of society and the state - feudalism, which highlights one of the main formation approach.This was made possible by two factors: the concentration of large areas of land in the hands of one family and the forced recruitment of these areas the rest of society.
fourth stage was a capitalist society.Formational approach to the study of history has it that the appearance of this type of union was only possible thanks to scientific and technological progress through the development of factories, and in the future and the industry.This distinguishing feature of capitalist society the author believed the so-called "sale of labor" workers by the capitalists.
pinnacle of history, according to this approach was to be the so-called "communist society" where everyone works and results of work are divided among all the members.
presented a brief description of the studied approach demonstrates that it focuses only on the promotion of the economy as the main factor of social development.But formational approach to the study of history and does not account for other factors that also had a great impact on the community of people.And in opposition to it it developed the civilizational approach, taking into account also the religious, geographical, psychological and cultural aspects.
In this regard it should be noted that, despite the solidity of the evidence put forward by the author, formational approach to the study of the history of one-sided, and the study of the past must be taken into account all the factors of social development.
