English bourgeois revolution, the reasons for which were formed even under Elizabeth 1, the story divides into four stages.The first was the constitutional stage.This was followed by a civil war.Then began the struggle for democratic content and another civil war.Completed English bourgeois revolution of the 17th century the formation of the Republic of Independents.
As already mentioned, between Parliament and the Crown untied struggle even under Elizabeth 1. During the reign of Charles 1 this confrontation led to the dissolution of parliament.Then began the English bourgeois revolution, referred to in history as "the great rebellion."
as an ideological weapon of the opposition advocated a large-scale religious-political public association - Puritanism.Puritan movement is diverse views and the complexity of the socio-political structure.This has led to the fact that inside the union formed to confront the top three main streams.
The former include Presbyterians.It is included for the landed aristocracy and the bourgeoisie.They demanded the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
second accounted for Independents.Among them were representatives of small and middle nobility, the middle layers of the urban bourgeoisie.They were in favor of a limited constitutional monarchy with the proclamation and recognition of the inalienable freedoms of all citizens.
Of course stood out Levellers Independents, who were supported by peasants and artisans.Levellers advocated the idea of a national equality, sovereignty, fought for the establishment of a republic.
English bourgeois revolution developed very quickly.This contributed to the acceleration and the defeat of the country in 1639 in the Anglo-Scottish war.
situation was quite tense.Urban and peasant revolts, discontent among merchants and financiers, the lack of money put in the impossible position of the monarch.As a result, Carl 1 convened the new parliament, which was called long.Since then, the English bourgeois revolution moved to the second stage of the constitutional.
Long Parliament in the course of their work took Triennial Act (which established the convening of Parliament every three years, regardless of the will of the king), a bill that Parliament can not be dissolved without its consent.It was adopted and the Grand Remonstrance, which reflects the interests of the nobility and the new bourgeoisie.
thus adopted acts significantly limited the power of the crown, while promoting the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.A dominant position in parliament Presbyterians were afraid of revolution.
King in 1642, in the late summer of Parliament announced war.English bourgeois revolution grew in the first civil war.In connection with the policy of indecision prosviterian Parliament defeated.The military leadership took over the Independents.
However, by the summer 1645 parliamentary army was reorganized.The Civil War (the first) ended with the defeat of the royal troops.Presbyterian Parliament considered complete revolution, it suited the situation and formed the political system in the country on the principle of constitutional monarchy.
However, the other two currents (the Levellers and Independents) have sought to more drastic changes.In 1648, it unleashed a civil war between the Independents and the Presbyterian Parliament.As a result of the first fight took London by excluding the Long Parliament Presbyterian majority.
After the royal treasury in 1649, Britain became a republic.Since the supreme power was in the hands of the unicameral parliament.
leaders of the Independents, led by Cromwell established a military dictatorship.The leaders supported their Levellers were thrown into prison.
dictatorial regime fell after the death of Cromwell.The country in 1659 was formally established a republic.As a result of the coup in years 1688-89 was set a compromise between the landed aristocracy and the bourgeoisie.
