Social movements as separate massive community of people united by a common goal, there were very long time.Their appearance is connected with the development of absolutism in the second half of the seventeenth century.The first social movement in Russia were in the nature of uprisings and emerging as a response to the current social economic, political and cultural changes.
As an example of a social movement of the seventeenth century can cause occurred in 1648 in Moscow Salt Riot.The cause of the uprising was the tax reform Boyar BI Morozov (1647), in which he suggested the introduction of additional, wasteful for the common people, extortion - the tax on salt.The result of this design was to reduce salt intake population of the city and a sharp increase in the related grievances.
year later, the salt tax was canceled, but instead imposed additional direct taxes.This time, they began to express their dissatisfaction with not only ordinary people but also members of the nobility.The tense situation in Moscow has intensified after the archers of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich were dispersed by the townspeople, who decided to give him their petition.In the summer of 1648 begin mass pogroms boyars' houses, the instigators of this social movement demanded to give them to slaughter Morozov and others involved in the tax reforms of recent years, the boyars.The result was the formation of the union uprising townspeople, nobles and archers, who demanded the convening of the next Zemsky Sobor.After a while, imitating Moscow, like the riots staged some residents of southern and northern parts of the country.
From this example we can see that the first social movement in Russia arose spontaneously in response to the actions of the citizens close to the power of people.These took the form of mass movements had their leader, but to call them fully orchestrated the word impossible.Of great importance to them was the collective behavior of people, characterized by well-planned stake spontaneity, lack of organization and a strong leader, unplanned actions of the movement.
heyday of social movements in Russia accounts for 19-20 century.It was during this period of the first revolutionary ideas originate in the minds of many activists and public figures.The first revolutionaries, as a rule, were students of Moscow and St. Petersburg universities.In the second decade of the 19th century in St. Petersburg, there are the first secret organization of officers ("Sacred gang"), patriotic organizations ("Union of Salvation").These social movements are different from previous leaders, and the presence of a specific goal (the abolition of serfdom, the overthrow of the current government), strict secrecy, the duration of existence.In the second half of the 19th century at the Moscow University are circles Slavophiles, Westerners, social utopians, etc.In the province of growing mass dissatisfaction with the plight of the Russian peasantry.
As for the 20th century, most vibrant social movements of the period were strikes and workers' strikes in the factories of Moscow, the Donbas, the Urals, political parties, the Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Social Democrats, more peaceful unions - of writers and intellectuals.
modern social movement in Russia is a tremendous variety, most of them are intended, as a rule, it is for peaceful purposes.Their work is aimed at protecting the interests of certain categories of the population, the fight against infringement of the rights of its citizens and nationalism.The existence and activities of extremist social organizations are prohibited, as a rule, at the legislative level.
