communities of plants and animals interacting with a place in which there is, that is, inanimate nature, form an ecosystem.These relationships E.Gekkel biologist from Germany in 1866 called ecology.The word is of Greek origin and means "shelter home."
ecology as a science, however, the most actively began to develop only in the first half of the 20th century.She is studying the conditions in which there are living organisms, and the relationship of the past with the environment.She also explores the plant and animal populations and ecological communities - the animal-plant communities.
Ecology as a science is the accumulation of facts, their study, analyze and explain patterns and relationships that exist in nature.These skills are essential for an understanding of the changes that are taking place around human activity.They also help to address the issues of conservation.It turned out that ignorance of certain laws and regulations may result in disruption of the ecological chain and other irreversible processes on the planet.
Some elements of the world may have an indirect or direct impact on its inhabitants.Environmental Science calls them biotic and abiotic factors.It is conventionally accepted division of environmental factors.Recent affect biological objects outside (wind, air pressure, humidity, light, ionization of the atmosphere, temperature and others.).Biotic - a food and those factors which characterize the relationship between individuals belonging to different species (parasitism, predation, and so on. D.) And private individuals (or groups of individuals) belonging to the same species.This competition for water, reproduction, food, territory and so on. D.
Each type and the conditions in which he lives (food, breeding ground, area of ​​residence, etc.), Share a number of characteristics and make environmentalniche.Even the smallest living organism has its place in the biosphere of the planet.It has been observed that even the two closely related species living together, eventually acquire such devices that will dissolve them in different habitats.Thus, the abiotic and biotic resources are used most complete ecosystem.
is believed that the ecological niche is always present in nature in the form of an empty space, which at any moment can take or leave.In fact, it appears and disappears simultaneously with the acquisition of some form of new adaptations.This means that it does not exist outside of the form.As there is in the nature of exactly the same species, and there are no identical ecological niches.They differ from each other in some device.
study of the relationship between the living environment and living organisms is impossible without the involvement of the methods of physics, geology, chemistry, economics, geography.Thus appears the relationship of ecology with other sciences.
interest in the problems of water pollution, air and destruction of plants and animals has increased when it was revealed that human activity has spread to the processes in nature throughout the world.Much more research in this area.Environmental science has set itself the task of creating such processes exploitation of biological resources, which would be the most rational and gentle.She also became involved in the prediction of the nature of the changes under the influence of human activities and the development of methods of regulation of processes occurring in the biosphere.
modern ecology as a science is closely connected with medicine.It was affected by the accelerated rate of change in the environment that led and continue to lead to the emergence of various diseases.
