Ivan the Terrible was an extraordinary ruler of Russia.Few eliminates opinion of him as a tyrant-king.These features of his character were laid in childhood Ivan lost his father and mother, and was under the supervision of the boyars, who were fighting for power.Reforms of Ivan 4 have become an integral part of the history of the country and marked the beginning of a new period in history.
When the king infancy state ruled by his mother, the wife of Basil 3 - Elena Glinskaya.After her death, the young king was under the auspices of the boyars, who sought to win over Ivan and seize power.At 17 years of age, Ivan becomes 4: marries Anastasia Romanova.Then Ivan receives royal title in the Assumption Cathedral, located in the Moscow Kremlin.
reforms Ivan 4 can be divided into two periods, namely:
1. Reforms chosen happy.
2. Oprichnina.
In late 1540s around a young king formed his circle of close friends and mentors, who began referring to the Selected Rada.It consisted of: A.Adashev, A.Kurbsky, Sylvester and Macarius.In the first period of reform Ivan 4 briefly about them will be written below are consistent and focused on strengthening the central government and the country's military might.Chosen Rada were held:
- public administration reform (creation of orders - the new central government);
- introduction of a new Sudebnik Ivan 4 (1550);
- church reform (calling church councils);
- military reform Ivan 4 (the creation of new permanent troops called "a Royal", the introduction of Code of Service);
- tax reform (introduced uniform for the whole country tax system - landed);
- local government reform (creation of advisory bodies to deal with any urgent problems, both internal and external policies - Zemsky Sobor, abolition of an important part of Russian control - feeding).
This is a great start of the reign was broken in 1553, when we started disagreements between the king and his coterie.As a result - the collapse of the Selected glad.After 10 years on the side of the Poles flee best friend of Ivan the Terrible - Andrei Kurbsky.This act completely undermine all hope of the king, and he announced the beginning of the oprichnina.Oprichnina - a terror of the times of Ivan the Terrible, he declared in a special royal inheritance (land).
Oprichnina undergone Suzdal, Mozhaysk and Vyazma, as well as other similar city.Reforms of Ivan 4 have ceased to operate, no further reform attempts have been made.
Oprichnina continued to terrorize the inhabitants of the last 7 years, after which it was canceled.4 Ivan ordered the execution of all those who participated in his terror.
It is worth noting that at this time was made a bloody campaign against Novgorod.
reforms Ivan 4 in the first period of his rule contributed to the strengthening of the central government and the power of the king, and they helped the military power of the whole country, they "gave" Russian general set of laws and executive authority - the Zemsky Sobor.
Thus, all the changes contributed to the creation of Ivan 4 estate-representative monarchy.
