Bronze Age was the second period of the late era of metal.It covers the XXV century before the XI century BCand is divided into three stages:
- Early - XXV of XVII centuries ..
- Middle - XVII of XV centuries.
- Late - XV of IX centuries.
Bronze Age is characterized by improving the tools and hunting, but until now scientists can not understand how ancient people came to the idea of the melting of copper ore metallurgical method.Bronze was the first metal produced by the tin alloy and copper, often with the addition of antimony or arsenic, and their properties superior soft copper: the melting point of copper - 1000 ° C, and bronze - 900 ° C.Such temperatures achieved in small furnaces, crucibles with a sharp bottom and thick walls.Molds and hunting tools made of soft stone, and poured the liquid metal clay spoons.
development of bronze casting has led to an improvement of the productive forces, some shepherds tribes moved to the nomadic pastoralism and sedentary continued to develop and proceeded to plow agriculture, which was the beginning of social change within the tribes.In addition, the culture of the Bronze Age begins to change: in the family established patriarchal relations - strengthening the power of the older generation, increasing the role and the position of her husband's family.Witnesses are paired burial of husband and wife with traces of violent death of women.
begins stratification of society, social and property differences between wealthy and poor are getting bigger: there are large multi-room home with a clear layout, rich populations grow, concentrating around them smaller.Gradually expanding, they form the first city in which is actively developing trade and crafts, in the Bronze Age emerging writing.It was a very important point.
Art Bronze Age developed together with the improvement of tools: rock painting acquired a clear, strict contours and geometric scheme changed multicolored drawings of animals.During this period, there is a sculpture, ornaments (jewelry to tools and objects of everyday life) plastic.It manifested itself in the ornaments of symbolic pictorial language, which each had their own kind.Ornamental painting was characterized charms: Containers for food protected from evil spirits, attract abundance, gave the health of the family.
interesting famous painting Karakol depicting strange creatures in the animal figures are intertwined and human traits.The combination of full face and profile in a human image brings these figures with ancient Egyptian art - all these paintings reflect the cosmogony of ancient representations of human origins, about the interactions of men and gods in the transition to the world of the dead.These drawings were made of black, white and red paint on the walls of the burial boxes, and the skulls of the dead were found traces of drawings done by the red kraskoy.Krome necessary tools, ancient people learned to make forged and cast bronze, golden copper ornaments that decorated chasing, stones, bone, skin and shells.
Bronze Age was the forerunner of the iron, which raised a civilization to a higher level of development.
