State - is the central institution of the political system.His work reflects the basic concept of power.It should be noted that the term "State" - a definition that can be used in two senses.
Until about the 17th century, this concept is usually interpreted broadly and was inseparable from society.Thus, in the broadest sense of the state - is a community living in the territory of one people, which is organized and presented to the supreme authority.It is identical to the people and the whole country.In this sense, for example, talk about the Russian, German or American state, while keeping in mind to represent the company.
from tradition broad meaning of the word "state" stepped Machiavelli.To denote the supreme power, he coined the term "stati".
States that existed in different historical periods, have little or similar features.However, there are some indications that in some degree characteristic of each of them.
state - is, first of all, such a system, within which there is a clear division between the public authorities and society, and formed a layer of professional managers.This criterion is based on the difference between the structure of tribal organization, which is based on the principles of self-government.
state has a territory with defined boundaries.Laws and government authority extended to the population of a particular territory.State - a structure that is formed not on religious or Blood (family) principle.The construction of the system is based on the territorial and, as a rule, the ethnic community of people.
typical for the state sovereignty (supreme power).In the context of any modern society, there are many authorities: Party, employment, family and others.However, they can not publish the rules and laws that are mandatory for all citizens, organizations and institutions.Such supreme power is vested in the state.
Central Institute of the political system has a monopoly on the legal use of force.State coercion can either restrict the freedom and physically destroy the man.Thus, it empowers citizens deprived of freedom and life supreme power is particularly effective.The implementation of the functions of compulsion carried out by various means (prisons, weapons and other things).There are also the special enforcement authorities - prosecutors, courts, the police and others.
State is entitled to collect taxes from the population.These revenues are directed to the content of many employees (education, health, the state apparatus, law enforcement, etc.) as well as to ensure social, defense, economic policy.
Unlike other structures (for example, a party in which the person may be composed or made up), in the state the person receives citizenship at birth, becoming thereby binding member.
An integral feature of the central institution of power is the availability of means of ensuring representation and protection of society, its interests and welfare.
structure that seeks to create decent conditions for the existence of every citizen, it provides social security, participation in management is characterized by the concept of "social state".Determination of activity of this structure is carried out in accordance with the situation of the population.In other words, the objectives of the central institution in this case include smoothing property, social inequality, and support the poor and the weak, giving every citizen the job or other source of existence, creation of favorable conditions for human life in general.
