Sodium is the most common in nature and commonly used alkali metal in the periodic table occupies 11th place (located in the first group, the main subgroup of the 3rd period).When interacting with oxygen forms Na2O2 peroxide.Can we say that this is the highest sodium oxide?Certainly not, since this substance does not belong to the class of oxides, and its structural formula is written in this form: Na-O-O-Na.Higher call such as oxides, in which a chemical element that is associated with oxygen, has a higher degree of oxidation.Sodium has only one oxidation state equal to one.Therefore, for this chemical element of the concept of "highest oxide" does not exist.
sodium oxide is an inorganic substance, its molecular formula is Na2O.The molar mass equals 61.9789 g / mol.The density of sodium oxide is equal to 2.27 g / cc.In appearance, this white solid incombustible material which melts at a temperature of 1132 ° C, boils at a temperature of 1950 ° C and thus decompose.When dissolved in water, the oxide reacts violently with it, resulting in the formation of sodium hydroxide, which should properly be called hydroxide.This reaction can be described by the equation: Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH.The main danger of the chemical compound (Na2O) is that it reacts violently with water, thereby forming an aggressive caustic alkali.
sodium oxide can be prepared by heating the metal to a temperature above 180 ° C in an environment with a low oxygen content: 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O.In this case it is impossible to obtain pure oxide, as in the reaction products will contain up to 20% of peroxide and only 80% of the desired product.There are other ways of obtaining Na2O.For example, by heating the mixture with an excess of a metal peroxide: Na2O2 + 2Na → 2Na2O.Moreover, the oxide is prepared by reacting it with metallic sodium hydroxide: NaOH + 2Na → H2 ↑ + 2Na2O, and by contacting the salt of nitrous acid with an alkali metal: 6Na + 2NaNO2 → N2 ↑ + 4Na2O.All these reactions take place with an excess of sodium.Furthermore, by heating the alkali metal carbonate to 851 ° C may be produced carbon dioxide and the metal oxide by the reaction equation: Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2.
sodium oxide has a pronounced basic properties.In addition, it reacts violently with water, it also actively cooperates with acids and acidic oxides.The reaction with the hydrochloric acid salt and water are formed: Na2O + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O.And by reacting with colorless crystals formed silica alkali silicate: Na2O + SiO2 → Na2SiO3.
oxide, sodium oxide, as well as other alkali metal - potassium, little practical value has not.This material is usually used as a reagent, is an important component of industrial (soda-lime) glass and liquid, but not part of the optical glass.Typically, industrial glass contains about 15% sodium oxide, 70% silica (silicon dioxide) and 9% lime (calcium oxide).Carbonate Na serving as a flux to lower the temperature at which the silica melts.Soda glass has a lower melting point than the potassium-lime or potassium and lead.It is the most widely used for the manufacture of window glass and glass containers (bottles and cans) for beverages, food and other goods.Glassware is often made of tempered soda-lime glass.
soda-silicate glass obtained by melting raw materials - carbonate Na, lime, dolomite, silicon dioxide (silica), aluminum oxide (alumina) and a small number of agents (e.g., sulfate Na, chloride Na) - in the melting furnace at a temperatureto 1,675 ° C.Green and brown bottles prepared from raw materials containing iron oxide.The amount of magnesium oxide and sodium oxide in the glass container behind glass, which is used for production of windows.
