Masonry - a building structure consisting of bricks or stones laid on the solution, and bearing the burden of its own weight and the weight of structural elements, which are based on it.Masonry is made in a particular order, and performs thermal and sound insulating function.
masonry work using different types of mortars: cement, lime, cement and lime.
There are some types of masonry:
- solid.In this case the clutch is of the form a solid, integral monolith;
- lite.In this form of the masonry replaced insulated material or a layer of air.The most common types of masonry such as the kolodtsevoy, brick and concrete anchor, three-row with diaphragms, with internal insulation and air space;
- reinforced.These types of masonry reinforced with metal rods or nets.It can be used both longitudinal and transverse reinforcement.
The shape of stone and brick masonry, mainly parallelepipedic, where all the faces have their professional titles.So, the biggest party area, referred to as the upper and lower bed of stone is placed on the solution, short lateral faces are called butting, and long - spoons.
All rows of masonry have names, so the extreme series are called a mile, from the front is the outer miles, the inside of the premises - internal verst.If there versts between rows of masonry, they are called zabutovochnymi (backing).
If the series is laid in such a way that outwardly visible spoon - a number of names stretcher when are seen prodding - that a number of bonder.The height of the series consists of masonry bricks and the height of the vertical thickness of the solution layer, which, on average, has a thickness of 1.2 cm. The width specifies the width of the masonry wall and must be a multiple of half a brick.In determining it the thickness of the vertical joints and, on average, this amounts to 1.0 cm.
All types of brickwork should have a horizontal bandage.Produced ligation brick through a specific laying system called ligation.The system is single-row ligation or chain (in this case the dressing masonry form a sequence of alternating stretcher and tychkovyh series), multi-row (five consecutive rows of stacked stretcher bandage one binder), and three-row (three lozhkovyh ligated bonder series, while in the ranks of the stretcher may be a coincidence seamsvertically).
Depending on the what kind of plasticity solution is used and what quality requirements for the front side (at unravel or plaster) to distinguish the construction of such methods of masonry:
- vprizhim.Laying conducted in hard plastic or solution series can be spread as a stretcher and bonder;
- vprisyk.Laying conducted on plastic mortar joints on the front side is not completely filled, it does not require the use of a trowel and the surface of the plaster walls requires;
- vprisyk with trimming solution.Laying conducted on plastic mortar joints on the front surface is completely filled;
- vpoluprisyk.Used for laying in the back filling.
quality masonry controlled working drawings and building regulations.Mason, doing their job, must ensure correct ligation series, filling and thick seams, vertical angles and horizontal rows, the presence and correct installation of anchors and metallic bonds, surface quality on the front side - selection of brick, compliance with its color and pattern, grouting.
