Emergency (emergency) - a violation of the normal life of the people associated with material losses, the threat to human health or death.Emergencies could result from natural action, terrorist activities, environmental accidents, natural or human factors.
emergencies are classified according to:
- degree of surprise (sudden, expected or, in other terms, unpredictable / predicted);
- propagation velocity.The most dangerous - explosive crash, followed by swift, fast-spreading (fast), smooth (moderate);
- scale (from site to global);
- duration (short-term, protracted).
If we consider the causes of emergencies, you can make a different classification.It is much more complex and detailed.
- man-made disaster.They include traffic accidents, bomb threats, emissions and other accident related to the production or use of equipment.In turn, each type of man-made disaster is divided into subtypes.For example, emissions may be chemical, biological, radioactive.
- natural disaster.Most often it is flooding, earthquakes, drought, frost, tornadoes, etc.
- environmental disasters.This exceeded the permissible concentration of harmful substances in water and soil, changing the composition of the atmosphere, destruction of the ecological balance, etc.
special place in the classification of occupied social disaster.Their causes are usually social, religious, political or other social contradictions, existing in a particular area.Such contradictions can lead to clashes, armed conflicts, riots and other situations that can lead to loss of life, a threat to their health and property damage.Emergency social nature may damage the environment, the environmental situation, infringe the life of the population.
starting point for such emergencies can be:
- unemployment;
- inflation;
- terrorist acts;
- nationalism;
- crises in the government;
- food problems;
- low level of social support;
- corruption;
- others.
If society for a long time under the influence of unfavorable factors, there is a tension, gradually turning into deprivation, the emergence of social, political and military conflicts.
social disaster are very diverse.
- institutionalized form of violence (war, armed conflict, repression, acts of terrorism, riots and similar events).
- use of substances that violate the psychophysical state of people (alcohol, drugs, smoking).
- physical effects on humans (crime, theft, robbery, quackery, etc..)
- Mental pressure (the activities of banned organizations whose activities affect not only on the social system, but also on the psyche of people (sect gang, a pyramid and so on.)
Unlike man-made and natural, disaster social explored enough. Moreover, not all sociologists allocate them in a separate class. Many experts consider the social nature of such phenomena as the effects associated with other types of disasters. For this reason, there areother classification. The most convenient is considered next.
All emergency social divide in the actual social and military.
own social may be directed to:
- human health. These include: mental disorders (suicide operations zombiruyutorganizations, social diseases (AIDS, etc.), the impact of substance (drug addiction, etc);
- man himself (mental and physical).Mental effects - it is blackmail, fraud of any kind.Physical - hostage taking, robbery, terror, rape;
- group.Poverty, unemployment refers to the economically-social factors, conflicts between groups of people - to the social and political.It also includes demographic risks associated with changes in the political system, the environmental situation.
disaster social separated into military-type situations involving the use of conventional, nuclear or advanced weapons (eg, radiation or genetic).
