In order to build a safe home, you need to lay a solid foundation.Its main purpose - to transfer and redistribution of the load of the weight of the whole house on the ground.Solid Base prevents excessive sediment building, thereby protecting it from cracks, distortions and destruction.
basement, there are several species.The specific form is selected depending on the design of the future building, as well as from the ground, where it will be erected.
Home, built on the basis of the framework, which consists of beams, columns, panels, floors, you must lay the foundation of the columnar type.A feature of this type of substrate is that the entire load is imposed on a dot basis.There are times when, under this type of foundation to establish additional monolithic slab.If the soil is not strong, then it strengthens the pile field.
During the construction of cottages, as a rule, choose the tape type of foundation.Thus it can be either monolithic or precast.In some cases (for example, in soft ground), install additional cushion for the foundation is solid.When this wall made of blocks.
Today definition of the phrase "under the pillow foundation" there was confusion.It is believed that the pillow under the foundation is sufficiently compacted base coat of gravel or sand, which fits into the base of the foundation.But, for a pillow and used a monolithic reinforced concrete.
Sand bed under the foundations laid in a thickness of about one hundred millimeters.This thickness is necessary in order to line the bottom of the pit.Concrete preparations for the foundation is required when the base wall of the building is too narrow.
Concrete type of pillow can also be made of slabs.Plates should be selected according to the width required for blanketing.To understand what width is required, it is necessary to carry out special calculations.On the width of the pillow is also affected by the type of soil (or rather its load-carrying capacity) and the weight of the building.
In order to properly calculate the width of the pillow, take the example for which random values are taken.We assume that the weight of the building will be 10 tonnes per meter length, and the soil bearing capacity of 2 kg per square centimeter.The formula for calculating the width of the pillow under the foundation would be: (100 kg / cm): (2 kg / cm2) = 50 cm. If you select the width of the resulting monolithic cushion is rounded.This resulting figure should be a multiple of one hundred.For example - 700 mm, 800 mm, etc.
thickness or size of the cushion vertically must be at least 300 mm.Typically, the basis for taking 300-400 mm.This is due to the fact that when choosing a large parameter thickness cushion is excessive consumption of raw materials.
After calculating the width and thickness of the cushion, it is necessary to prepare materials for reinforcement.Pillow under the foundation of a special reinforced mesh wire with a diameter greater than 12 mm.The cell size should be on average 200 to 200 mm.
concrete pad for the foundation established in the following order:
- first preparing a base of crushed stone or sand.The thickness of the base - 100 mm.Laying the foundation - tamping the soil.
- Next set of formwork under the pillow of the foundation.Then be sure to waterproof cushions made with the help of "spilling" hot bitumen.The result is a waterproofing membrane.
- next step - reinforcing the foundation with a special grid.
- concrete pad is poured and allowed to complete the setting and hardening (concrete gains "fortress" around 21 days).
Only by adhering to clear recommendations will create a secure base for the future of the building.
