term "intercultural communication" implies a dialogue that takes place between people belonging to different cultures.As a rule, personal contacts or mass communication, though often can meet and indirect forms such as, for example, correspondence.
Intercultural communication - a concept that is being studied by several sciences, such as psychology, cultural studies, sociology, ethnology, linguistics, anthropology.Every scientist uses his own theory of the study of this branch of knowledge.
Section 1. Cross-cultural communication and its place among other types of communication.
Depending on the number of people participating in the discussions, in general, the communication can be divided into:
- interpersonal.In this case, the dialogue is the so-called small group, such as family or close friends.The minimum number of participants, and the relationships between them sufficiently direct.The nature of this communication is primarily determined by the increase or reduction in the distance.
- intragroup or intergroup.The distance has increased sinceincreasing the number of participants in the dialogue.
- professionally.Community only on business.
- Finally, intercultural, which includes not only the direct communication (interpersonal, intra, inter-group, professional) between representatives of different ethnic groups, but also correspondence.
Section 2. Intercultural Communication.The story of.
Initially, the concept was introduced in voice usage in 1950.Famous American anthropologist Edward T. Hall was engaged in diplomatic adaptation and various business people from the US to other countries.
That's when the scientist puts forward the need for the introduction of the term.Although his theory was narrowly focused and mostly based on different cultural stereotypes (the generally accepted norms, values, rules, artifacts of a particular region or country).
Currently dominates the understanding of culture as a system of understanding the way of life, values and norms are not a particular country as a whole and individual social groups.For example, the culture of the organization, city, generation.The very same modern concept of culture is considered to be dynamic, because, according to scientists, could mutate and adapt, depending on the particular social situation.
To date may be a question about the formation of a particular scientific discipline, which will be called "Intercultural Communication."Formed this applied science will be indispensable for the relief of difficulties arising in the course of dialogue between different cultures, as well as in those cases when it is necessary to reduce the likelihood of conflict potential.The value of this science increases with the increasing processes of globalization and intense migration.
Section 3. Linguistics and intercultural communication.
journey to all corners of the world becomes easier and easier.It's no longer a secret that we live in a so-called global village, but it does not mean that all people of the world are obliged to behave in the same way.Every nation has its own traditions, signs, beliefs and customs.Sometimes they seem strange and confusing, and at times opposed to the norms accepted in our own country.
cite a few examples
- Greeting
How you should behave when you meet a person for the first time?Americans or Canadians shake hands and look each other straight in the eye.At that time, when many parts of Asia any physical contact simply unacceptable.
The Japanese, healthy, should bow to your opponent, and the bow should be less than a respected man.Thais greet, his hands clasped in front of chest and head bent slightly forward, as in prayer.Both countries denied any eye contact.
- Clothing
Many countries have special rules in terms of clothing.The Muslim and Asian countries are not supposed to bare the body, especially for women.They are, according to local tradition, only wear clothes with long sleeves and skirts below the knee.
- Business Etiquette
We all know that when a business acquaintance is customary to exchange business cards.However, few people realize that intercultural communication offers a set of rules with respect to this element of business life.Firstly, on the business card should be sure to write your name and the name of the company you represent.Second, the reverse side of the cards involves writing all of the above in the local language, at the very least in English.Third, international travel, try to find out as much information about the rules of delivery of this most business cards.Are you at all surprised that they exist?And in vain!For example, in Japan, no one will sign a contract with you, if you do not give your card with both hands and do not spend at least a minute studying business card opponent.
