Liberalism - it is a social movement and socio-political doctrine, which is based on the value of human freedom from all spheres of life (spiritual, economic, political, etc.).
Historically, liberal ideas were related to the people's attitude to the property, which is determined by their social status and the amount they receive social benefits possible.
earliest ideas, which manifested itself liberalism - is thought figures of antiquity.First of all, the teaching of Socrates a fair state.Later Roman Stoics developed the idea of a universal human nature and formulated postulates about the inner spiritual freedom of man and natural law.
These ideas have attracted attention of philosophers 17-18 centuries.The views of Descartes, Spinoza, and Milton in the essence of man as a rational and social being, the state, religion and the right to become the ideological basis for the further development of European liberalism.
important for that influenced the formulation of clearer postulates and ideas that carried liberalism - a Protestant-reform movement.Its representatives spoke with the requirements of all people the right to freedom of religion.During this period, the influence of religion began to weaken.
With the development of capitalist production and the heyday of scientific knowledge, the feudal relations in Britain and France began to rapidly deteriorate.The privileges of the aristocracy became more limited, gradually formed a new social class - the bourgeoisie.All this has led to the folding of the new ideology, which was characterized by its own system of values.They embodied within, which became known as "liberalism".
This time was characterized by the fact that thinkers saw the main threat to human freedom in the face of the state.Political credo of liberalism began to principles such as the need for constitutional government based on the separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial branches;respect for the inalienable rights to freedom of religion, of speech, of association of a political nature.
freedom is understood not as an absolute, but as an opportunity to think freely, to choose a religion, to express personal views, to unite the party, to trade, to choose governors and shape gosustroystva.
The term appeared after the first time in Spain in 1812, the Liberals called the union of people who prepared the text of the constitution.
In Europe, classical liberalism is associated with the ideas of English political economists who developed the idea that the economy should be free from government interference.As the direction of philosophical thought, liberalism advocated the development of individual initiative.The economic aspect of his ideas justify the need for the development of free trade, pricing, payment, provided that the combination between them were to stimulate competition between individual producers in the market.
Liberalism - it is not just for intellectual.In many ways it would be more correct to call the economic, sociological and philosophical doctrine.
On notions of Rousseau and Locke, the man has a natural right to freedom, which must protect the state.Proponents of this view have been Hume, Kant, Franklin, Jefferson, Condorcet, Montesquieu and others.These ideas were reflected in the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the Declaration of Human Rights in 1789 and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
liberalism and neo-liberalism are closely related to its key provisions.Last developed ideas in economics and philosophy from the 1930s.
