Scientists have long been seen extraordinary diversity of our world and so they began to study the manifestations of the origin and distribution of all forms of life on Earth.The science that studies all living organisms, their function, structure, as well as their classification, called biology.In addition, it explores the relationship of the world to animate inanimate.
Special features possessed only living organisms, as follows: a high degree of complexity and their organizations;each part has its own importance and specific functions;the ability to use, retrieve and convert the energy from the environment for their livelihoods;ability to respond to external stimuli and changes in the environment.Also, they are well adapted to their environment (development of adaptive properties);can replicate (reproduce) have a tendency to heredity and variation.In addition, they are characterized by evolutionary processes, which emerged as a result of a variety of living creatures.
There are several levels of organization of life, which are interconnected in a complex subordination.The lowest level is the line that separates living things from nonliving, and is the molecular structure.Next comes the cellular level at which the cells and the main features of the structure at all the same.More complex organ-tissue level applies only to multicellular, which formed from the cells of the body's already developed.The next stage - the entire organism, is however different creatures were, they have one thing in common - they are composed of cells.
Then the diversity of life is already classified on a different principle.In biology, it stands out even a whole section called taxonomy, which are engaged in the description and grouping of all beings.For example, the taxonomy of living organisms share their life in the form of non-cellular (viruses) and cell.Last fall another: simple and complex bacteria, plants, animals and fungi.To organize all of these objects, they must be identified, and it uses a number of features, which include: morphological, biochemical, physiological and other features.
Much attention is paid to the study of the biology of the structure of living beings.They contain a lot of chemical components which form the organic and inorganic compounds.Chemical elements in the cells of living organisms contain carbon atoms which are the hallmark of life.In general, all of the organic compounds are only a few classes are important for development.These include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.Living organisms may contain in their cells 70 components periodic system, but only 24 are constantly entering into their composition (phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, iodine, etc.)
