Nogai Horde - so today called Tatar medieval state.It arose in the lands of the Golden Horde, which destroyed Aksak Timur, in the first half of the XV century.Nogai Horde, whose history is closely linked with the development of such countries as Great Horde, Horde Kalmyk States Siberia, Astrakhan, Kazan, Moscow principality, is a prime example of medieval power, survived the rise and fall.
preconditions for the formation of the Nogai Horde was translated Tokhtamysh Khan nomadic Tatar Nogai ulus in the area between the Urals and the Volga.Kara Bey led the Horde, which came out of the Turks, passed the river Sakmar, then White and Kama.After that, the Nogai Horde won the Bulgars, and then migrated to the Kazanka, where he founded the city of Kazan.After the Horde occupied the land along the river Vyatka.
leader. Leaders of nations that formed the Nogai Horde took mangytskie tribes were located in Khorezm.During a campaign against the Golden Horde Aksak Timur worked with them.Mangyts were a numerous and strong Tartar tribe.Basically, they were ruled Idegeya.When Aksak Timur retreated from Eastern Europe, Idegei led his subjects in Khorezm.In 1420 Idegei died and his people were under the rule of the khans of nomadic Uzbeks.Tribes Mangyt headed Waqqas Bay earned the Uzbek khans beklerbeka post and participate in military operations Khan Abuhayra.
Waqqas After the death of his successor Bey unleashed a struggle against the power of the Kazakh and Uzbek khans.Musa Bey, who led the tribes Mangyt, fought for independence and was able to make exemptions.When it was the capital of the Nogai Horde in the city Shed.
appearance of the Nogai Horde. first mention of the state Nogays found in Russian sources, relating to the end of the XV century.Musa Bey was able to strengthen its position so that he began to attempt to influence the Great Horde, Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberian Khanate.In alliance with Khan Ibaka, he marched on the Astrakhan Khanate, and at the end of the XV century, united with the Siberian Khan went to the Kazan Khanate.At this time, the power of the state Nogay was so palpable that Alexander Kazimirovich - Lithuanian prince - urged them to anti-Moscow coalition.
Later Nogai Horde speak with one voice with Russia and the Crimea against the Great Horde.In 1502 in the Lower Volga Great Horde was defeated by the joint forces of Moscow, Kazan and the Crimea.As a result, the Astrakhan Khanate fell into complete dependence on the Nogai Horde.
Nogai Horde: the development of statehood. defeat of the Great Horde became the impetus for the development of the Nogai Horde.Increase the population of the young state, expanded its borders, it has developed a system of statehood.Head Horde confessed Bay.After him the importance of standing Nuradinov.His duties include guarding against attacks ulus.I assign also kekovat.His area of interest included the eastern border of the state.Sons Bey wore the title of the MPD.When Bey died, his place was taken by the eldest son.In wartime appointed batyrs - heads of units.They became recognized brave, brave and skilled craftsmen.There were in the Nogai Horde and ministers - Karachi - responsible for their area.
state religion in the Nogai Horde was Islam.Ministers - Abyz, Sufis, Shaehov, Shoichi - perform Islamic rituals.It was said in the Nogai Horde in the Tatar language, in the correspondence used Arabic script.
Relations with Moscow principality. When Ivan the Terrible to help the bribery and tricks Nogai Horde was closed for other Tatar states.As a result, between the Nogai Horde and the Crimea, Kazan and Siberia have inflamed hatred and mistrust.In 1556, Nogai Horde overtook the famine, and the principality of Moscow refused her help.This greatly undermined the power of the Nogai Horde, but the Tartars were still on their land.As soon as the Nogai Horde weakened, Moscow mastered the Tartar lands, doing construction of the fortress.The destruction of the Nogai Horde continued Cossacks in the XVI century, and the Kalmyk Horde in the XVII century.By the beginning of XVIII century it was destroyed the last of its inhabitants.
Nogai Horde history is closely intertwined with the history of modern Kazakhstan.Nogai and Kazakh - people of one nation.
