October Revolution, carried out by the Bolshevik Party in 1917, has opened in the history of our country a new page.It is not only and not so much that as a result of the armed revolution of the SR-Menshevik Provisional Government was replaced by the Council of People's Commissars of the Bolsheviks, and the fact that, since this landmark October night, in the Czech Republic has changed the basic principle of the organization of power, there was a radicala revolution in the relationship between state and society.
In the first hours, days and months of coming to power of the Bolsheviks adopted a number of legislative acts that created a legal basis for the exercise of their power.Until formal adoption of the first Constitution in 1918, is the first decrees of the Soviet government in 1917 and is the basis of the constitutional laws of our country.The beginning of this process was still at the Second Congress, which included the Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, held in alarming conditions of the October uprising.The first decrees of the Soviet government were adopted by this congress in the early morning of October 26, they touched the three core issues of the moment - about peace, land and power.
Decree "On the World" has just appeared the Soviet government called on all the warring countries to conclude a truce and start negotiations.At the same time, these negotiations should be conducted without any demands for annexations and indemnities.In addition, this decree was declared Russia's renunciation of secret diplomacy, as well as discussed the desire of the new government to fight for the liberation of countries and peoples from colonial oppression.The first decrees of the Soviet government could not but affect and important internal problems of the country - the land question.
adopted at the same congress decree "On Land" was in many of its provisions copied from the program SRs, who did not dare to put it into practice.In particular, the cornerstone of this decree was a rejection of private ownership of land, proclaimed the so-called "socialization of the land", ie the transfer of the ownership of its entire people.In fact, it meant for farmers, two major consequences: firstly, they could not at its own discretion to dispose of the land, and had to coordinate their actions with local authorities or collective farms.Secondly, farmers were to receive income from the common ownership of land in the form of direct subsidies, as well as various social projects.The first decrees of the Soviet government in the first place "Decree on Land" gave a clear understanding of all the subsoil belong to the state, which will take over the obligation is not only to develop them, but also to redistribute derived from their exploitation revenues.
first decrees of the Soviet government had to make it clear to both the population and closely monitor developments foreigners, what will this mean in practice is the Soviet regime.The first building block in this process was also adopted on October 26 a decree "On the establishment of the CPC."The Council of People's Commissars, the first part of which consisted exclusively of representatives of the Bolsheviks, declared the supreme executive authority in Soviet Russia.At the same time in the same decree specifically stressed that supervision of the CPC, including the right to make changes in its structure, belongs to the Congress of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, he thus became nominally the supreme authority in the state.
At the same time the concept of "the first decrees of the Soviet power" can not be limited only to those three acts.In the first weeks and months after the revolution it had adopted a number of decrees, which laid the foundations of the Soviet system.All of them can be divided into the following groups:
1. The decrees of the Soviet government, laid the economic foundation of the new system.These include the "Regulations on Workers' Control" decrees "On the nationalization of banks" and "On the nationalization of foreign trade."In fact, these Decrees were the basis for the introduction of further policy of "war communism."
2. The decrees of the Soviet government, which formulated the legal framework of the new state.This is primarily a decree "On approval of the law", "On the court," "On the Supreme Economic Council."
3. The first decrees of the Soviet power, pay attention to the legal situation of the various groups and sections of the population.This resolution "On the eight-hour day," decrees "On the press", and "On the destruction of the estates."
Thus, the first decrees of the Soviet government in 1917 laid the foundation in the formation of some of the young Soviet state.At the same time, it should be stressed that the rapidly changing internal and external environment very quickly forced Lenin and his colleagues to make changes to their original order.
