civilizational approach to the study of history - it is one of the methods resorted to scientific minds to clarify important issues of the course of events in the historical process of different eras.A huge influence on this method had the works of historians like Arnold Toynbee, Jaspers, NYDanilevsky and many others.
study of the course of historical events world-wide makes it possible to follow and understand how diverse the process, and how a lot of options to achieve a society characterized by not only the advantages but also disadvantages.
civilized approach exists alongside formational, which is the main difference lies in the fact that the basis of its study is the socio-economic relations, regardless of the will of man.They exist because of objective circumstances.Civilization is at the heart of all of the processes puts the person, taking into account its rules of conduct, aesthetic and ethical views.
concept of "civilization" appears in ancient times, but in the XVIII century it became part of the thorough historical vocabulary.Since that time, its representatives are actively starting to use science.In addition, this period is characterized by the appearance of various theories of civilizations.It should be noted that the concept of "civilization" in ancient times was opposed to the notion of other Latin means "wildness."Already in those days people saw the difference between barbarous and civilized society and life in general.
Returning to the theory, the two main ones of stages and the local.In accordance with the first civilization is a process of development in certain stages.The initial it is possible to consider this time of the collapse of primitive society, in which mankind has passed the stage of the civilized world.Such a civilization can be attributed to the primary, because they have not had the opportunity to use the civilizational traditions established at a later time.They created their own, giving the fruits of subsequent education.Locally-civilizational approach studies the historical aspects of the emergence of community in a particular area, which is characterized by its own socio-economic, cultural and political characteristics.Civilization local character may exist within a particular state, and by combining several states.
Civilization local species - a system which consists of various interrelated components: political system, the economic situation, geography, religion, and many others.All these components as well as possible reflect the uniqueness of a particular civilization.
civilizational approach, as well as stadial helps different angles to look at the historical course of events.For stadialnogo approach is characterized by consideration of the development of mankind in accordance with the uniform and general laws.The theory of local civilization is based on individuality and diversity of historical processes.Therefore it is very difficult to tell which theory is better or worse.They both have a right to exist, as they are complementary to each other, having their own advantages.Figures History has repeatedly attempted to study combining both methods, but so far this has not happened, and was not drawn up a common system, would unite the two theories.
To summarize, it should be noted that the civilizational approach helps to understand the basic laws and directions of formation and the formation of a world civilization, the uniqueness of individual civilizations, but also provides an opportunity to compare the processes of development of different civilizations.
