In ancient times, a measure of weight and length of people served, ieweight - how much he will be able to pick up on his shoulders, the length - how far reaches out.
Vintage measures the length of the system were presented, which includes concepts such as Milestone, seven feet, yard, inch, inch and elbow.
Thus, we consider the basic terms.Arshin - measure of length that equals 0,7112m (in modern terms).For the yard was made to take the gauge, which were deposited in the division vershoks.
Vintage measures of length have different versions of its origin.The first interpretation of a yard - the length of a human step while walking on flat terrain at a moderate pace (about seventy centimeters).The same definition was taken as the basic unit to describe terms such as miles and seven feet.Even when considering the structure of the word "yard" can see that its root "ar" with the ancient language means "the surface of the earth" or "land", which confirms the opinion of linguists that the old Russian measure of length used in determining the distance traveled by foot.
There was another name of this measure - "step", iecarried out by the steps of an adult ("small fathoms" or "treasury fathoms").
Starorusskaya waypoint measure of length - miles, indicating the distance that has been passed from one turn to the other plow during plowing.In parallel with the synonym for "field" the two concepts for a long time used as an ancient measure of length.During the reign of Peter the Great was equal one mile of 500 fathoms (1066.8 m in modern terms).In 1649 adopted the "mezhevaya mile" is equal to a thousand fathoms.Somewhat later (XVIII century) began to be used and such a thing as waypoint Milestone (Milestone pyatisotnaya).
as small measures of length in Russia as the basic unit used "span", which is from the XVII century, it was considered the "fourth yard."Hence, there are ancient measure of length is two inches (half an inch) and the inch (a quarter inch).
One of the most common measures of length in Russia was "six feet", having some differences and for their intended purpose and value.Such differences were up to ten.For example, the "centrifugal fathom" is the distance between the ends of widely spaced fingers of an adult male.And the term "oblique fathom" is determined by the distance from the toe of the left foot to the right middle finger raised upward.
occurs and a determination of the length in ancient Russia as "elbow", which stood at arm's length from the fingertips to the elbow.Its value, according to various sources, ranging from 38 to 47 cm. However, since the XVI century, the term has been superseded by the term "yardstick."
Vintage measures weight in Russia were represented by the following terms:
- share (0.044 g);
- spool (4.27 g);
- pound (hryvnia), equaling 96 spool (0.41 kg);
- pud, equated to 40 pounds (16.38 kg).
share was the smallest old Russian unit of weight equal to 1/96 and the spool.Spool, in turn, was equal to 1/96 pound and designated a gold coin.
Pound was a symbol and a measure of weight, as well as the monetary unit.The term is often used in determining the weight in the retail trade.We used it for weighing precious metals (gold and silver).
Pud was equivalent to forty pounds.
There was also a measure of weight, as "berkovets" actively used in the wholesale trade for weighing of large volumes of goods (for example, wax or honey).In Russia, this term was adopted by the weight of ten pounds, which equals the mass of barrels of wax rolls one person on the merchant's boat.The first mention of Berkovtsy met in sources dating back to the XII century (Charters of merchants from Novgorod Prince Vsevolod Gabriel Mstislavovich).
