system of biological sciences, suggesting the study of different forms of living beings, their structure, development, operation, is a structure quite extensive.Each branch is pursuing its specific goals, explores specific issues.At the same time, biological sciences are closely related to each other.
Diversity of structure is due not only to the variety of types and forms of life, but also the variety of methods of their study.
Even in ancient times formed the basic biological sciences: zoology, botany, anatomy and physiology.Subsequently formed such major sections as Hydrobiology (studying the inhabitants of the water) and microbiology (investigating micro-organisms), selected in accordance with the objects of research.
major branches depart from highly specialized biological sciences.For example, zoology (animal studies) includes Theriology that studies the mammals protozoology - just Malacology - shellfish acarologists - mites entomology - insect, ichthyology - fishlike.Structure of Botany contains biological sciences such as dendrology (about trees, shrubs), bryology (mosses), lichenology (a lichen), mycology (about mushrooms) and others.
There is a deeper division of disciplines.Thus, the distribution of organisms on a variety of categories and their systematic study biological sciences.Discipline is investigating the organic world of today, it is known as neonatology.The science of pre-existing forms of life is called paleontology.
Another direction involves the classification of disciplines division of manifestations and properties of living.The various functions of organisms studying physiology, questions of heredity - genetics, behavior patterns in animals - ethology.Features of individual development explores embryology, in a broader sense - developmental biology.At the same time, each discipline is divided into more specific.For example, morphology, studying form, is classified in the comparative, functional and other industries.At the same time holds the mutual penetration and fusion of different disciplines of biology narrow, with the formation of complex combinations.For example, there are sectors such as histophysiology, cytogenetics, and others.
structure of systems and organs macroscopically studying anatomy, microscopic structure of tissue - histology, structure of the cell nucleus - karyology cells in general - cytology.However, karyology, cytology and histology in addition to studying the structure of certain structures involved in the study of their biochemical properties and functions.
In biology isolated discipline associated with the use of certain methods of investigation.For example, there is the biochemistry which studies the life processes of chemical methods, Biophysics, establishing physical laws.It should be noted that these two disciplines are often intertwined with each other, are used in combination for the study of a phenomenon.
special place is such a discipline as biometrics.It is based on a mathematical method applied processing biological data.Using the industry becomes possible to describe the unit processes and phenomena, design of experiments, the establishment of a more general biological laws.
should be noted that in biology are equally important both theoretical and practical studies.The first allows to revolutionize many areas of practice, such as technical or industrial microbiology biology.At the same time, the industry practice of biology enrich the theory of new knowledge.
