Senate in Russia replaced the Boyar Duma.It was created as the supreme organ of government, endowed with broad powers, until the adoption of laws.Emperor Peter the Great, as you know, very often absented himself from the capital, passing at this time governance of the country some of the best approximation that should have been in his absence to address issues of national importance.While traveling, the king acquainted with the traditions of the European countries in the conduct of domestic policy, the management of foreign monarchs of their states.The establishment of the Senate was another of his attempt to bring Russia closer to Europe.Moreover, such a body has been very useful for the management of the country.The date of its establishment is considered to be February 22, 1711.
Initially, the Senate was created as the highest organ of state administration in the absence of the emperor in it.All were part of a person appointed by Peter himself.They were, as a rule, those close to him: Prince Golitsyn, Count Musin-Pushkin, Prince Dolgoruky.Chief secretary of the Senate appointed emperor Anisim Shchukin, whose responsibilities now included the superintendence of the Imperial Chancellery and monitoring of order during Senate sittings.Over time, the Senate created the system around its subordinate institutions.The role of the mediator between the dominant governing body of the country's provinces and performed commissioners (two from each).Their duty was to supervise the implementation of the decrees passed by the Senate, as well as the execution of his orders directly in the field.
Despite the fact that the establishment of the Senate was originally a temporary measure of governance, after the cessation of regular absences of the Emperor from the role of this body is not only not declined, but has increased significantly.
activities of the Senate applies to all spheres of life of the population.From now on, he could appoint all civil and military posts, manage military estate, and keep track fugitives from military service, recruit an army recruits in Russia.To do business service class in 1722, the Senate established a new position - King of Arms.A special role in the main government body assigned so-called Fiscal, which is responsible for nadziratelstvo for everything that happens in the country, crime detection and conviction of the perpetrators on trial.
establishment of the Senate would create a single full body of the government, which manages all the internal politics of the country.Its creation was an important step towards the birth of a new trial in Russia.For example, in 1722 the Senate was established by the prosecutor.Activities of this institution went far beyond it and applies to all central and local judicial and administrative institutions.The highest position of the Prosecutor's Office belonged to the General Prosecutor, his assistant was the chief prosecutor.Previously unjust actions of senators could appeal by contacting the Emperor himself, then in 1714 such complaints become punishable by death.Thus, the institution of the Senate promoted the formation of a separate institution of power, able to make important decisions for the country without the presence while the emperor.
main seat of the Senate for several years remained Moscow, and from 1714 the governing body moved into the newly erected on the banks of the Neva St. Petersburg, which became his principal place of residence and work.
Creating the Senate was only the first step towards the organization of a powerful emperor of the management of the country.It was followed by the formation of the boards, the introduction of the court office of Procurator-General, the establishment of the famous Table of Ranks, the publication of the decree on primogeniture, and so on. D.
