Muscovy Muscovy or - the name of Russia in the period from the beginning of the reign of Ivan III (1478) to transfer the capital of the state in St. Petersburg (1712).Sometimes this period of the year 1547 limit.
traditionally called Russia before Peter the Great Moscow kingdom have adopted and supported by historians of the 19th century, which were based on the fact that shifts capitals.The scientists of the Soviet period, have adopted this name.
During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the concept of "Muscovy" mentioned in the value of the Moscow principality as part of the Russian Empire.
process of formation of the Russian state, which, apart from the Principality of Moscow, included the Republic of Novgorod, and Yaroslavl, Tver, Rostov, and partly from the Ryazan principality and the city of Chernigov, Bryansk, Novgorod-Seversky, influenced the development of the cultural characteristics and the formation of a special "subculture".
After sunset Kievan Rus culture of the Muscovite state began to develop at a very special way.It was not accepted by way of orientation to the Christian western countries.Formation of the cultural characteristics was related primarily to the geographical and political factors.Russian state has not sided with either to the west or to the east direction of historical development.But it has absorbed, but many of the features of both cultures.In addition, the development of the country have influenced the Orthodox Church and pagan traditions.
Muscovy was strongly influenced by the Golden Horde.On the one hand, the Tatar-Mongol yoke significantly slowed the cultural development of the Russian land, as the city had been destroyed, lost many craft and farming culture.The country was thrown back in time.On the other hand, conflicting relations with the Horde State sent a completely new way of development.
Thus, the socio-political system in Muscovy 15th century bore the imprint of a strong oriental influence.This was manifested in the despotic control system and the way of life in general.Many features
outlook characteristic of medieval Russia, formed under the influence of the East.Moreover, with the fall of Constantinople, Russia is beginning to realize itself as the only defender of Orthodoxy and even further away from the Western countries in the cultural sense.
As a result, the impact of all these factors, the Muscovite state in the 16th century characterized by the following features of culture and national identity.
characteristic for Eastern spirituality combined with the desire for freedom inherent in the people of the West.
This personal consciousness was less pronounced collectivism prevailed.Orthodoxy was the determining factor for the formation of attitude.Thus, the greater value acquired traits such as self-sacrifice, selflessness, acceptance of his fate.
The system of human values at the time one of the central place is occupied by the state and the interests of the nation.The concept of homeland has always been very important for the Russian people.
From the perspective of the development of culture 17th century is a turning point.Changing values and worldview.In place of the cyclical perception of time come concepts such as past, present and future.
Moscow State in 16-17 centuries followed the path of formation of national character as a sustainable mix of features that characterize the nation.It was in the 17th century, this combination becomes noticeable, and begin to describe other cultures.
Also, during the process of Muscovy care of art from the influence of church canons.In the 16th century, are chronicles major works and in oral folk art epics come to replace the historical novel.
In the 17th century began to appear the first signs of a new culture of time.
can say that from the 14th to the 17th century in Muscovy took place the formation of the Great Russian ethnos and its main features.This period was also characterized by self-determination of the Russian Orthodox Church.These changes have left their mark on the further development of Russia.
