England, to seek a way out of the crisis, had to return to Russia as a buyer in the world market.Genoa Conference gave the opportunity.British Prime Minister Lloyd George has consented to the convening of the conference, which, along with Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary and Austria were also invited representatives from Russia.
However, this decision has caused reactionary circles in France sharp protests.Impacted and hostile attitude towards the new, Soviet, Russian, and the fear of recovery in Germany.Cabinet Briard had to fall.City premiere was Puankre.Not being able to speak out against the planned conference is open (agreement to convene it was given), he decided to delay the date, looking for the possibility of the final breakdown of the Congress.
in London was sent a memorandum to the statement about the possibility of the participation of France only in the event of Russia all the conditions and exceptions Cannes resolution changes in the agreements with Germany and the other defeated countries.Russia should recognize all the old debts, establish incentives for foreigners entering and allow foreign capitalists to conduct free activities on its territory.Actually, it was about putting in Russia ("the desert, established by the Council") mode of surrender.
diplomatic maneuver was successful.Reactionary circles in England who feared separate negotiations between Russia and France, had been agreed.In a decision influenced desire a speedy settlement of the situation in the Middle East: the Greeks, supported by Britain, is clearly defeated.
Conference in Boulogne, held 02/25/1922, finally identified: Genoa Conference tolerated.In the meantime, in London convened a meeting of experts to discuss the technical, economic and political issues.It was the beginning of the creation of a united front of Britain and France against the Soviets.
But French diplomacy did not want to dwell on the concessions of England.The next goal was to create its anti-Soviet front in the Baltic countries.And 17 March between Estonia, Latvia, Poland and Finland signed another contract.Its essence was not to conclude agreements that may be directed against one of the signatory countries and allies in the notification on the conclusion of agreements with other States (up to the text of these agreements).Of course, we went back to Russia.
But France was not enough.Is Genoa Conference could take place before the anti-Soviet bloc will join even the Little Entente?
Belgrade appointed another preliminary meeting, after which the minister of Czechoslovakia Boenisch attends first Paris and then by London reported on the recognition offers Puankre whereby conference in Genoa does not discuss issues of reparation and peace agreements, and in addition, preclude recognition of the Sovietgovernment.However, Belgrade supports the desire of Lloyd George to restore trade relations with Russia, recommending to refrain from aggressive attacks.After long discussions, agreement had been reached.
Genoa Conference final was scheduled for April 10 and lasted until 19 May in the presence of representatives of 29 countries: the Union of South Africa, New Zealand, India, Austria, Canada, Estonia, Japan, Switzerland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, FinlandFrance, the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, Romania, Portugal, Poland, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Italy, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, the UK, Austria andthe RSFSR (headed by Lenin work with Deputy Chicherin).The United States refused to participate.
But the conference in Genoa went not as expected "on the other side," the diplomatic front.The Soviet side declared that it recognizes the economic cooperation, but will not change the principles of communism.Russia took note and recognized the principle of the Cannes resolution, but wished to reserve the right to make amendments in exchange for providing the richest concessions to foreign capitalists, pointing at the same time the impossibility of restoring the economy in a dangling the threat of war.Made by the Soviet side an unexpected proposal for disarmament caused confusion.
Bart openly expressed disagreement.Others seem to be endorsing the idea, afraid to speak openly.France was isolated.
long dispute and rather precarious situation forced the German delegation fluctuate.Fearing the possibility of an agreement between Russia and the Entente, Germany has decided to sign the Rapallo Treaty, tearing around the Ring Russian economic blockade.Allies responded so violent discontent that the German delegation began to urge Russia to return the signed contract, but, of course, was refused.
Moreover, by the Soviets received an application for recognition of pre-war debts in exchange for debt cancellation of military (and interest), and the provision of financial aid to Russia.
During the discussion of the Soviet proposals is unfolding behind the scenes struggle between rival oil monopolies - American and Anglo-Dutch, the result of which becomes a memorandum demanding an end to the anti-capitalist propaganda on the part of Russia (an anti-Soviet propaganda silent);preservation of neutrality in the conflict Greek-Turkish;recognition of all but military debt;damages after confiscation.
Belgium and France considered the conditions of the memorandum is unacceptable soft and refused to sign.
Soviet side responded to the memorandum a few days later stating that a unilateral renunciation of propaganda does not suit her.In addition, Russia recalled its extended offer to invite to the conference the representative of Turkey, which would affect the situation in Asia.With regard to debt and restitution, there is the Russian side was left to stand on his own.Moreover, a proposal was made for the establishment of a joint commission that would resolve the contentious issues.
Genoa Conference of 1922 was close to failure because of the intransigence of the Entente.Lloyd George, fearing accusations of disrupting the conference, grabbed the last point and suggested that the Soviet memorandum did appoint a commission that will examine emerging differences.Approximate time of collecting the two Commissions (from the Russian and non-Russian) was appointed in June 1922.Until that time, it was suggested to refrain from all attacks and hostile acts.In making this decision the Genoa Conference and over.
