concept of linguistic rules - this is the main feature of the literary language, as a man of speech is manifested primarily in its correctness.It covers more than one side of the tongue, and applies to absolutely everyone, certainly for writing, and for the oral.
Language rules - these are the rules, on the basis of which there is the use of various means of language at a certain stage of its development.It is also common, exemplary use of phrases, sentences and words in speech.
are the following linguistic norms of the Russian language:
-slovoobrazovatelnye (rules of the formation of new words);
- pronouncing (or pronunciation rules);
- morphology;
-orfograficheskie;
-leksicheskie;
-sintaksicheskie;
-punktuatsionnye;
-intonatsionnye.
Some of them are characteristic of the two kinds of speech, and some only for oral or only in writing.
Language rules - is historically formed phenomenon.Some of them are long and appeared unchanged until now, and others - have disappeared.Some even collide.For example, the German word "applicant" is derived from the medieval Latin word meaning "the one who is going to go," and today it is one who, on the contrary, wants to go to study.That is, over time, the rate of change of use of the word.
pronouncing linguistic norms are not too stable.For example, borrowed the word "bankrupt" was written before the 18th century as "bankrut."Until the late 19th century, it was used both forms, and then won and became the norm is still a new form of its use.
has undergone changes of pronunciation and combinations -chn-.Since dictionaries 1935-1940-ies are other rules than those that exist today.For example, the words "toy, snack 'pronounced as a combination -chn- -shn- is now totally unacceptable.Some words have kept a double option: a bakery, a decently.
modify and morphological linguistic norms.This is clearly seen on the example of the endings of nouns in the masculine plural nominative.The fact that some have the ending -s and others ending -a.This is due to the existence of the 13th century in the Old Russian form of the dual number, which was used when it was necessary to point out two things.So get three variants endings: zero for nouns in the singular, the ending -a to indicate the end of the two objects and s to indicate the number of objects greater than two.First, the end of the job kept those words that mean paired items: eye, side, etc.Gradually it has almost replaced the ending s in other words.
But at the animate plural nouns ending remained mostly s: accountants, drivers, engineers, lecturers, inspectors and inspectors, but the professor.
Sometimes you even take into account the lexical meaning of the word.For example, the word "teacher" meaning "teacher" is in the nominative plural ending - i, and the value of "head exercises" - the end of s;the word "list" (paper) ends with s, and "leaf" (tree) - the end of th.
Multivariance standards demonstrates the incredible richness of the Russian language.But at the same time, it creates certain difficulties, since it is necessary to choose from a number of goal.Correct this can be done only if we know the characteristics of each option and its syntax coloring.As a result of detailed research into the use of speech (oral and written) different options linguists set up special dictionaries and glossaries, which are fixed linguistic norms of a modern literary language.
