Red Terror in Russia is a complex of punitive measures used by the Bolsheviks during the Civil War years 1917-23.This mode is used against those social groups that have been declared class enemies and against those who were accused of counterrevolutionary activity.The Red Terror was an integral part of state policy pursued by the Bolsheviks repressive.In practice, the use of this set of punitive measures carried out with the use of legislation and implementation of the various provisions outside the scope of any legislation.The Red Terror is a means to intimidate not only the anti-Bolshevik movement, but also the civilian population.
today implement a range of measures has two definitions.
Some historians believe that the Red Terror includes all policies of repression and lynchings in 1917.In their view, this set of measures in a way continued the October Revolution.Historians point out that the White and the Red Terror began at different times.Wherein the second evolved earlier than the first.The Red Terror was considered logically inevitable, and was associated with the Bolshevik violence directed not so much against the resistance in existence as against the entire social classes, which were outlawed.Among them, first of all, it was considered nobles and Cossacks, fists and priests, officers and landowners.
other part historians believe the Bolshevik terror and forced a last resort, the response and the protective reaction against the White Terror.
Leaders of the Communist Party in general and Lenin in particular, opposed the "softness" in reaction to the counter-revolutionaries.At the same time Vladimir Ilyich strongly encouraged "mass character and energy of terror", calling it "an initiative of the masses is quite right."At the same time in some applications Lenin observed the need to avoid "brutal, unfair and unmotivated sentences."
Many thinkers and historians, in particular Kautsky criticized the behavior of the new government, its policies and its measures.It was noted that before the revolution, the Bolsheviks were against the death penalty.After the seizure of power by the government began to use mass executions.Lenin, challenging this view, in turn, said that the Bolsheviks were not against the execution.The issue, according to him, was in the other.Pointing to the fact that no revolutionary government is not without penalty, the issue should be resolved only with the class against which this measure will be made.
After the Bolsheviks seized power in the country's major cities have started to introduce Marxist economic reforms.This conversion amounted to confiscation of property were in existence among citizens, mobilization of human resources to ensure the speedy construction of a socialist regime.
Lenin believed that strict measures must be taken on the elements that are alien to the proletariat.All of these elements, in his opinion, ought to re-using different methods.
official date ad Red Terror was the 5th September 1918.He was terminated on November 6 of that year.
repression executed bodies of the Cheka to fight the counter-revolutionary manifestations crimes and speculations on the post, as well as "responsible comrades of the Party" (special regulations).
Focus of punitive organs was formulated precisely enough in "Izvestia".According to Danishevsky (the first chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council), military tribunals should not be guided by absolutely no rules of law, given that they are created (tribunals) have been under intense revolutionary confrontation.
