Nikita Khrushchev came into the history of the Soviet Union and Russia as the most controversial ruler, influenced the development of new directions in foreign and domestic policy of the USSR and carried out a decade of his reign several reforms.
Domestic Policy
Khrushchev Stalin's death in 1953 led to a backstage struggle for a place on the "throne", but the position of First Secretary of the CPSU Khrushchev went.In the XX-th Congress (1956), he made a report, which received global resonance.The main topic was the exposure of Stalin's personality cult, listing a number of crimes 30s-50s.and harsh criticism of its repression.The beginning of de-Stalinization and democratization.
reforms Khrushchev
De-Stalinization had, however, no sequence, no integrity.According to the beliefs of Khrushchev, it was the condemnation of the cult of Stalin and the establishment of party control over the punitive organs.There was the restoration of law and order, the rule of law and the constitutional rights of citizens.
Khrushchev's reforms have continued - modifications were made to the ruling party democratization, change in the conditions of receiving it, the empowerment of local organizations and the Union republics.In 1957 he restored the rights of peoples deported by Stalin.There are new public self-government bodies, etc.
Management Reform
Trying to move to economic methods of management led to the complication of the management structure, increase the number of officials.In 1962 he made an unsuccessful most of the reforms: specialty party organizations (industrial and rural).The country is divided into 105 economic regions.
agrarian reform began with Khrushchev's reforms in agriculture.From 1953 to strengthen the economic position of collective farms, agricultural tax was reduced size.Farms provide loans came new technology.In the mid-50s began their indiscriminate integration - transformation into state farms.Then it was created and economic councils.
peasants were granted passports, they are assigned a pension.
Corn epic has also become a part of the image of Khrushchev - following the example of the United States this culture began to intensively plant everywhere, even where it is, in principle, can not grow (up to the Far North!).
in 1954 launched a campaign for the development of virgin lands.Followed by a sharp jump from a bumper crop for the first time in the postwar years raised the procurement price of grain.But the erosion of the ruined virgin soil.Nonchernozem center came to a complete standstill.
Military reform Khrushchev
After coming to power, he took the direction to lift the defense and heavy industries.SA and the fleet got nuclear missiles.According to balance of military power of the USSR it reached parity with the US.We consider the direction of the policy of peaceful coexistence of different sotsstroya.
social reform
After the adoption of the law on the payment of pensions to the peasants, it was decided to abolish tuition fees in high school, eight-year schooling is mandatory.Established norms of working time, in particular - a 6-hour working day for adolescents 16 years of age.
actively expanding housing stock.Housing construction is based on the industrial methods.The housing stock of the country increased by 40% in seven years!However, the construction was carried out in a style known in history od called "hruschoby", but disappeared housing crisis.
School reform has led to a single eight-year school.To receive a complete secondary education need to continue their education in secondary polytechnic school (vocational school, in the evening or correspondence school).
foreign policy Khrushchev
external relations at the time were developed in the style of a traditional policy for the Bolsheviks.The basic direction of foreign policy was the strengthening of security systems on all borders.
actively renewed contacts with foreign countries, appear in the press and positive reviews of other countries.Expanding trade relations.It involves mutual benefit, because the Western countries to obtain extensive market for their products.
significant impact on the global environment launch of the first satellite in 1957, begins a new, space age.Khrushchev, a supporter of the Queen supported his idea to overtake the Americans in space.
This changes the balance of priorities, is now the West has been in the sights of Soviet intercontinental missiles.
in 1961.It has been put "Berlin Ultimatum," which Khrushchev demanded the construction of the wall between East and West Berlin.The huge response of the world community.After the "Berlin crisis" erupted another, so-called"Caribbean" or "missile crisis".Kennedy tried to seize Cuba, which the USSR is economically, and now military aid, sending to military and technical advisers, a variety of weapons.Including the rocket that threatened US strike.Kennedy demanded to prevent the discharge of missiles in Cuba, and Khrushchev took these requirements.
Kennedy's assassination led to the need to establish contact with President Johnson.But against Khrushchev was accused of voluntarism, and he was sent into retirement.I destroy him and try to cut benefits and privileges of civil servants.Under Khrushchev, the Soviet Union formed an authoritarian system, however, strengthen the foundations of the administrative-command system.
