By the last quarter of the 19th century, the Russian government is increasingly aware that the time is approaching transformation of the state into a constitutional monarchy.At the same rulers have sought to combine the slow economic transformation on a market basis, and the old political system, presented in the form of absolute monarchy.
By the early 20th century under the strong pressure of radicals and liberal opposition government was forced to make "a renewal of the" State Construction Committee.In this matter of reform into the hands of the community for which the establishment of parliamentarianism and the introduction of the constitution was equal to the loss of political omnipotence.Of course, the Emperor and the people close to him, to develop projects and plans for the establishment of a representative body in the country, based primarily on their personal interests.That is why the First State.Duma formed so hard and long under the application of the ruling circles of different possibilities to slow down this process.
In 1905, by mid-February in the community began to develop quite a sharp conflict.February 18, Nicholas II issued an edict.In it he declared the intention to attract people elected by the population to participate in the discussion and development of pre-legislative proposals.This sets out the terms Emperor "indispensable for the preservation of the monarchy, the fullness of power."
implementation of this attributed to the establishment of a special meeting, chaired by Alexander Bulygin.This is a special meeting and developed the project of forming a new representative body (who immediately called "Bulygin Duma").I had a new body zakonosoveschatelnogo status.After a nearly six-month debate (in the course of which many are close to the emperor sought as much as possible to limit the right of the Duma) was finally issued a manifesto.
In accordance with the country's representative body was formed as a "zakonosoveschatelnogo establishment.""Bulygin Duma" was formed not only to participate in the discussion of legislative proposals.The authority vested right to examine the painting costs and revenues, to ask questions to the government, as well as indicate the presence of illegality in the activities of the authorities.At the same time, no decisions made "Bulygin Duma", it was not binding neither for the government nor for the Emperor himself.
In determining the electoral system developers based on the structure that existed forty years ago.As then, members have been selected, "election meetings".Voters were divided into three Curia: urban residents, farmers and landowners.For the two-stage elections were residents, landowners three-way and four-peasants.Elections were not equal, universal and direct.
According to Lenin's "Bulygin Duma" was the most blatant and undeniable mockery of representative of the people.To its founding principles have been hopelessly outdated.
Most liberals and all revolutionary movements and parties unanimously expressed their intention to boycott the new representative body.Agreed to take part in the elections, saying that the use of their legal rights in order to expose "psevdonarodnye psevdopravitelstva."
convening of the First State Duma did not take place.The status of a new representative body did not satisfy the anti-government movement.As a result, the country has come worsening power crisis that autumn of 1905 (October) resulted in an all-Russian political strike.Due to the rapid development of the revolutionary explosion of the ruling circles were forced to make concessions on the question of the future status of the representative body.
