In 1147, for the first time mentioned in chronicles Moscow.At that time it was the estate of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.In the 12th century Moscow was a small town-fortress.There was at that time the border principalities 4: Smolensk, Ryazan, Vladimir and Suzdal and Chernigov.It had its drawbacks.Location at the intersection of four principalities made her "revolving door" during the military campaigns of the princes.Therefore, an important role is given to strengthening the city.For example, in 1156 the current capital of Russia has been strengthened with new wooden walls.By the mid-12th century the city became larger, however, took no more than half the territory of today's Kremlin.At this time, the Moscow principality was not independent.It was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal land.
Muscovites took part in the internecine wars.In 1170, they supported the brothers A. Bogolyubsky against Yaropolk action to seize their territory.When he learned that the war was attended by Moscow, Yaroslav was forced to turn back.For this, the following year, the town was burned.
In 1238, Moscow was destroyed by a horde.However, despite this, it continued to enjoy the reputation as the most secure province.
Moscow prince in 1250 was the Alexander Nevsky, who bequeathed it to his son Daniel principality.For a long time the boy was under the tutelage of his uncle.10 years later became Prince Daniel of Moscow, thus marked the beginning of the line Moscow princes.
boundaries of public education were small.As part were only two large cities: Moscow and Zvenigorod.Also, there were 3 estates: Radonezh, Ruza and Przemysl.
Despite its small size, the principality of Moscow in the 14th century could resist such big cities like Tver.In the same century it began actively joining other regions of Russia.
exodus of population from Murom, Rostov, Vladimir due to Tatar raids made Muscovy one of the most populated.It allowed the state to rise.
opening of trade routes connecting Lithuania and Poland with Polotsk, Smolensk, East allowed to make Muscovy economic development.
Distance from Lithuania, Tatars also played a role in strengthening the influence of the city in the 14th century.
first Moscow princes
line ancestor of the princes considered Daniil.In 1263, he received from his father, Alexander Nevsky, a small inheritance, which after a while began to carry the name of "Muscovy".When Daniil was updated Kremlin founded St. Danilov Monastery, built the church.During his reign, the capital of modern Russia has expanded the boundaries and strengthened its position.
After the death of Daniel Alexandrovich land passed to his eldest son - Yuri Danilovich, who after the death of the prince of Tver won the right to the principality of Vladimir.When Yuri Moscow expanded its borders: in 1303 it was annexed Kolomna and Mozhaisk.
After the murder of Yuri Danilovich Duchy of Moscow passed to his brother - Ivan Kalita.During his reign was attached Yaropolch, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, hierarchy, Pereslavl-Zaleski.When his reign had been built and the Archangel Cathedral of the Assumption, oak Kremlin.
successor Kalita became Simeon the Proud.He subordinated petty princes behaved imperiously, expand the boundaries of Moscow land.Through friendship with the Khan of the Golden Horde, Simeon secured the peaceful life in the state.
All the princes of Moscow made significant steps to strengthen the influence of the Moscow principality and expand its borders.But perhaps the most significant contribution to the history made Daniil, who began to attach to their land new territory.
