Many science studying various processes in society, people's attitude to some phenomena and problems, interpersonal and group relationships are not only theoretical knowledge, accumulated and codified over the years, but the empirical studies that are extremely important andimportant for a more in-depth study and understanding of many social processes and phenomena.An empirical case study - this fixation, the registration of specific social characteristic facts needed to understand and study the specific relations events and developments taking place in society.It differs from the theoretical knowledge that is not operated by the relative general scientific theories, concepts and categories, and analyze "live, real" people's behavior, their opinions and views, the result of activity.Such a study is necessary in order to get a more complete, truthful, reliable, and accurate information about the process under study.Moreover, empirical research - a well-organized scientific procedure, which is based on a specially-established pattern in which use certain technologies, including the organization of the sample for the study.
Sociology known three basic types of information: general, local and selective research.The latter is most often used as make it easier, takes less time, and other resources.It is very important to organize a proper sample, as this will depend on the accuracy and objectivity of the information received.The sample in the sociological study carried out in such a way as to reflect the trends inherent in the whole population (the population of the city, the country, the staff of the enterprise, etc.).Thus, the necessary information is obtained during a sociological survey 300-500 people can be extrapolated to the entire population of the city and to all employees of the enterprise, which will take another look at the studied social and economic processes in a particular region or society in general.
sample in the sociological study is based on a specific pattern, which is to prepare its representativeness, iescientific consistency, completeness and validity of the data obtained in the survey, and the possibility of extrapolating them to the general population of people.The problems are complex enough to ensure representativeness and discusses statistics.The difficulty lies in the fact that the sample in the case study provides not only a quantitative representation of the general population (ie people in the sample should be enough to keep the data obtained when the survey could be extended to society in general), but also a qualitative representation(ie it must be submitted to all groups whose opinion is important for this study).Thus, the concept of "sampling" in sociology is considered in two aspects.Firstly, it is subject to the study of the general population, and secondly, it is part of the aggregate, the formation of which must comply with the terms of its representativeness.
There are different types of samples.It can be spontaneous sample when a group of people selected on the basis of voluntariness and availability.Most often, such a survey is done by mail and publications in the media.It is the most economical type of sample, but also the most unreliable, because it is less likely corresponds to the condition of representativeness.The most common type - random sampling.In this case, it is possible to participate in the survey to any member of society.Random selection is made using a table of random numbers, lottery or mechanical selection.Finally, there is a stratified or quota selection.It is created in several stages.Initially formed a general sample, taking into account all the necessary parameters in the study.Then there is a selection in the sampling frame, taking into account these parameters.
sample in sociological research is still divided, and a simple one-step, in the serial, when the unit of selection take the family, social or professional group, etc., as well as a multi-stage, when the respondents were selected in several stages, for example,, industry - the company - plant - brigade, etc.
properly organized sample, taking into account all the parameters of representativeness plays a huge role in the sociological study.After all, on the basis of empirical data obtained in the survey only 10% of respondents can understand the complex processes taking place in society in general.
