Before you select basic model of communication, one must understand what exactly is communication.There are several definitions of the process, each of which in one way or another characterizes it.In the most general terms, communication is the process of exchanging information between people (and not only) using conventional and understandable signs and symbols.G.Gerbner defined it as the process of social interaction through messages, A.P.Panfilova communication process called a special information exchange, during which the participants passed the emotional and intellectual its content.Another definition proposed I.A.Richards calling communication phenomenon in which the consciousness of the individual acts on the mind of another, so that it creates an experience similar to his own.
Communication as a process of interaction certainly has its basis in a specific diagram or model.Singling out the model of communication, it should, first of all, mention the model has become a textbook «5W» American researcher G.Lassuella.It consists of five components:
1) the source of information (who says);
2) the content of the information (which says);
3) of the process of information exchange (language, codes, channels);
4) consumer information, the recipient (to whom it is transmitted);
5) The end result of communication (the final effect of the information received).
These are called linear model of communication and are characterized by one-pointedness, the direct impact on the recipient, who serves here only as a source of information, in any way react to it.Often such models has been criticized for the fact that they are directed in one direction only, and does not take into account a very important part - the ultimate goal of the process required in the analysis of its effectiveness.The linear model of communication offered as Dzh.Gerbner, U.Shramm, R.O.Yakobson, K.Shennon and other researchers.
isolated and the second group communication patterns.It includes non-linear model of communication: interactive, field, interactive, etc.An outstanding Russian scientist-philologist Bakhtin suggested the idea of a dialogic model of communication, which is based on two essential for the understanding of this process postulate.
Firstly, Bakhtin pointed out that a very important and significant component of any utterance is its targeting, mandatory treatment to anyone, that is,the presence of the listener, without which there can be a speaker.
Secondly, any statement gives meaning only in context, at a particular time and place.In other words, the code word as a sign of itself does not mean anything and only makes sense in the text, someone reading, with each new reading creates a new meaning.Each new reading or listening creates its own text.
Nonlinear interactive model of communication have questioned the term "transfer of information".Chilean U.Maturana researcher believes that this term only refers to arose during a joint communication is more or less a similar understanding of something the third, otherwise, is not that mean each of the participants.
Gestalt therapists when dealing with a patient and understanding of his story are the concept of the field.It is a certain pattern, which hides it the patient, facing the therapist, their relationship to each other as members of the communication interactions, and relevant to the speech uttered from the standpoint of the personal life experience of each.This background is of a general, neutral.It helps to avoid mistakes in the interaction and achieve the desired result in a therapeutic activity, despite the subjective experience of different members of interpersonal communication.
models of mass communication are also divided into linear and interactive.Differences are observed in the basic parameters of the communication process.So, if the sources of interpersonal communication are family, neighbors and friends, the media - is the whole social institutions.Interpersonal communication is face to face, and mass - by means of various processing channels, wherein at remote distances.Finally, interpersonal communication is possible to observe a direct link between direct participants of the process, and see the warm response to him, and when mass communication such communication is not direct, indirect or delayed.
