Historiography Russian history - the concept of multi-faceted and ambiguous.It is not only the narrative of the historical process, but also the science that studies the formation of historical knowledge for many years.This science has its object, tasks, resources, principles and methods.Domestic historiography has its rich tradition and school, and the direction of flow, which certainly enriched and world historiography, made a radical change in the history of science in general.
historiography is divided into several periods.The first of them - pre-scientific.In this period worth studying medieval philosophy, the human perception of time, traditions, history functions.Note that in this period, which lasted until the early 18th century, formed the main forms of historical narrative, such as the record - keeping records for years.It became the main source of this, it was his study of Russian history historiography.In the study of chronicles must pay attention to the principles on which they were written, the shape and the style in which the works are kept.Especially important is the principle of chronographs, which allows you to compare the events relating them to specific dates, to link the notion of "before" - "later."The second source during this period, which is engaged in historiography, it is the lives of saints.It is important to note that the lives of the saints have a strong subjective shades than the chronicles - they turn into a sort of legends and stories.Another form of expression of the historical consciousness that interest scientists - folklore.It is because it is possible to learn about the views of the people about their heroes and enemies.Due to the fact that in the pre-scientific period, few reliable documents for many years remains controversial question of the origin of the Slavs, the occurrence of statehood, the struggle against the invaders of the Russian land.
second period of the history of Russian historiography begins in the eighteenth century and it lasts until the early twentieth century.This time, quality was reflected in the establishment of history as a science and the study of the source base.This should include such changes as the secularization of science and development is not a church, and secular education.For the first time begin to be processed transferable sources, imported from Europe, historical research, as such, stand independently, but at the same time - are formed and auxiliary disciplines that help to study history.A qualitatively new stage in this period - the beginning of the publication of primary sources, which largely turned to the history of their country, and especially for the Russian intelligentsia.
It was she, intellectuals, it initiates historic expedition studies.Under the influence of Western movements and philosophical foundations of the story turns into a full-fledged science.Among the works it is worth noting the work of F. Prokopovich, A. Mankieva, P. Shafirov, Kurakin V. Tatishchev, G. Bayer, G. Miller, A. Schlozer, Shcherbatov, I. Boltina, Lomonosov.These scientists study problems politogenesis, Vikings participate in the formation of the ancient Russian state, etc.
one step - the development of historiography in the second third of the nineteenth century.It examines issues such as the relationship of the Russian state and the western countries, there are the first concepts of national history.
fourth phase - the second half of the nineteenth - early twentieth century.At this time formed methodological foundations of historiography.Historiography Russian history and feeling the positivism and materialism and Kantianism.Expand the range of research, especially focus on social and economic issues in history.In the fourth stage, the question of training historical frame.Last
fifth stage - the Soviet historiography of the country's history, which is based on a class approach to the development of society, which in turn is reflected in the scientific approach.To overcome the Soviet legacy - the main goal of the modern historical school.
