precisely define the time period, which is associated with the emergence of the ancient Russian state, it is very difficult.We know that this event was preceded by a long period of formation and development of tribal relations in the communities inhabiting the East European Plain.
Already in the first millennium AD the territory of the future Rus begin to develop Slavic agricultural tribes.In the fifth century, in the process of social differentiation in society, formed a few dozen separate principalities or unions.It was a kind of political union, which later transformed into a slave or early feudal state.From the "Tale of Bygone Years" it becomes aware of the location and name of the reign.So glade lived near Kiev, radzimichy - along the river Sozh, northerners - in Chernihiv, vyatichi - near the river Oka, Dregovichi occupied Minsk and Brest regions, Krivichi - the city of Smolensk, Pskov and Tver, drevlyans - Polesye.In addition to the Slavic tribes of the East European Plain was inhabited protobalty (ancestors of the Estonians and Latvians) and the Finno-Ugric peoples.
In the seventh century, form a more stable political formations arise cities - centers of principalities.So there Novgorod, Kiev, Polotsk, Chernigov, Smolensk, Izborsk, Desk.Some historians tend to associate the emergence of the ancient Russian state with the formation of these cities.This is partly true.However, the early feudal state with monarchical form of government there is a little later in the ninth-tenth centuries.
emergence and development of the Old Russian state at the East Slavic peoples associated with the base of the ruling dynasty.From chronicles sources that in 862 year Novgorod prince Rurik ascended the throne.The 882 is an association of the two main centers of the South and the North of Russia (Kiev and Novgorod) into a single state.The new administrative-territorial unit was called Kievan Rus.Prince Oleg became its first governor.During this period, there is the state apparatus, stronger orders and princely dominion becomes hereditary prerogative.So is the emergence of the ancient Russian state.
Later submission of Kievan Rus were also other Slavic tribes: northerners drevlyans, Ulichi, radzimichy, vyatichi, Tivertsy, clearing and others.
Historians tend to believe that the emergence of the ancient Russian state was due to the strong growth of trade and economic relations.The fact is, through the lands of the East Slavic peoples lay the waterway, which is popularly called "from the Vikings to the Greeks."It was he who played a significant role in the rapprochement of the two principalities in order to achieve common economic goals.
The main function of the Old Russian state was to defend the territory against attacks from the outside and the implementation of an active foreign policy orientation of the military (campaigns against Byzantium, the defeat of the Khazars, and others.).
heyday of Kievan Rus' falls on the reign of Yaroslav the Wise.This period is characterized by the presence of the existing system of governance.Under the rule of the prince and the boyars was the squad.He had the right to appoint posadniks (control of the city), the governor, Pedicularis (levy trade tariffs), tributaries (collect land taxes).The basis of the Society ancient kingdoms were both urban and rural residents.
emergence of the state - a process long and complicated.Kievan Rus was heterogeneous in its ethnic composition is multinational.Along with the Slavic communities, it also includes the Baltic and Finnish tribes.And then he gave the old Russian nationality growth and development of the three Slavic nations: Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russian.
