Since ancient times there were various theories of state and law.The first of these were theological, irrigation, patriarchal, violence and others.Subsequently, there were others: the social contract, psychological, organic, diffuse and others.
There are basic theories of the state.These include:
- theological theory.Its representatives are Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas.The essence of the theory is that the state came by the will of God.From this it follows that the state itself and its institutions are eternal, holy and inviolable, they arise and abolished regardless of the person.State expresses the will of God on earth.
- patriarchal theory.Representatives of the theory - Aristotle and Confucius.The bottom line is that the government is formed from the proliferating with each generation of families that are necessary to control the power of the ruler, which is a continuation of his father's power.
- theory of violence.Representatives - Dühring, Gumplowicz.The state and political power arose by reason of conquest, violence and enslavement of the tribes (external violence).It was necessary to control the conquered tribes.Also, the state arose as a result of internal violence as a group of people forcibly subjugates others.It was necessary to expand the territories, the collection of tribute, to maintain order, the conquest of wealth.
- irrigation area.The peasant could not fully use the resources of large rivers themselves.It was necessary to mobilize all the people living along these rivers.Thus arose ancient China, Egypt and Babylon.
Modern basic theory of the origin of the state:
- contractual theory.Representatives - Denis Diderot, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke.The state arose on the basis of the social contract.In support of his position by representatives of the theory cited the following reasons: people originally were in the primitive natural state.One does not consider others and pursue only their own interests.As a result, there is a "war of all against all."In order to maintain a society that could destroy itself, it was awarded a public contract in which people gave up certain rights in order to achieve mutual interests and survival.And there was the state designed to deliver these objectives.
- organic theory.Representatives - Herbert Spencer, Plato.The state is compared with the biological organism.As the cells form the body and people state.The institutions of the state are compared with the parts of the body: the ruler with the brain, finance and communication with the circulatory system that ensures the operation of the body, the peasants with his hands.Only the fittest survive state as in natural selection, they are constantly being improved.
- psychological theory.Representatives of this theory of the origin of the state - Petrazhitsky Freud.The state arose in connection with mental qualities of man, namely, the weak want to be protected and they want to obey the strong.Strengths want to rule over others and are able to subjugate others to his will.State power is formed from the primitive, which belonged psychologically strong people - leaders and priests.
addition to the main there are other theories of the state:
- incestuous theory.Representative - Levi-Strauss.Society and the state arose as a result of the prohibition of incest relatives (incest).
- Sport theory.The state arose as a result of exercise, passing games and sports in general.
- and other theories of the state.
