According to various testimonies and research, about three million years ago (although the alternative history of humanity and calls the other figures) people came out of the animal world.About 35 thousand years ago began the formation of modern humans.Thirty thousand years of civilization began to emerge in different parts of the world.
If human history had been relegated to the day, that since the formation of classes and states to the present time, according to scientists, would have passed only 4 minutes.
primitive communal system was the longest stage.It lasted about a million years.It should be noted that the exact time, when the history of mankind, is very difficult to call.The upper boundary (the final stage) of primitive society varies in different limits depending on the continent.For example, the classes in Africa and Asia began to form at the boundary 4-3.BC.e., in the US - 1.BC.e.
How did the history of mankind, why were the first people where and when it happened remains a mystery.Unfortunately, there are no monuments of those times not.
periodization of the history of mankind is carried out by different scientists in different ways.
More Roman and ancient Chinese philosophers were aware of the existence of three centuries: bronze (copper), iron and stone.In the 19th - early 20th centuries, this archaeological periodization received scientific development.As a result, scientists typologize stage and age of these periods.
Stone Age lasted several times longer than the entire subsequent history of mankind.The division into stages in this era is based on the increasing complexity and changing the shape of stone tools.
Stone Age began with the Paleolithic (Old Stone), which, in turn, the scientists isolated the lower stage (early), the middle and upper (late) Paleolithic.
begins srednekamenny Next Century (transitional Mesolithic).This period is also called epipaleolitom (poslepaleolitom) or protoneolitom (predneolitom).Some of the authors do not mention it at all.
concludes the Stone Age Neolithic (New Stone age).At the end of this period, there are first copper implements.This indicates the formation of a special stage - the Eneolithic (Chalcolithic).
internal structure of periodization following centuries (New Stone, Bronze and Iron) is represented by different researchers in different ways.Quite different and defined culture within them stadia.
Archaeological periodization is based solely on the technological aspects and does not give any idea of the formation of the production as a whole.The system is currently at the stage of separation is not so much global as regional.
some limited purposes paleoanthropological present in the periodization of primitive society.It is based on the principle of biological evolution of humans.Under this system of separation at the stage of development, researchers say the existence of the ancient (archanthropines), ancient (paleanthropic), as well as a modern fossil (neanthropine) rights.Despite some controversial moments Paleoanthropological system of separation of people on the steps closely echoes the archaeological system.
At the same time, these special periodization of human history can not be compared in importance with the general system of separation of people of the past.Development directions of historical and material understanding of human development has been launched for the first time seriously Morgan (American ethnographer).In accordance with the established in the 18th century division of the whole process of civilization, barbarism and savagery, given the performance level of production "livelihoods", American anthropologist allocated to each specified age higher, middle and lower level.Subsequently, Engels praised the periodization, summarized it.
