Bohdan Khmelnytsky was a Ukrainian soldier and statesman.He was born in 1595.Talking about Khmelnitsky, historians always emphasize his status Hetman, rarely mentioning that after the reunification of Ukraine and Russia, he received from the Russian Emperor Alexei Mikhailovich, in addition to all the other honors and awards, rank nobleman in Moscow.
Bohdan Khmelnytsky.Biography
His father, Michael, was a Ukrainian nobleman.Education Bogdan was in Kiev, Lviv and Yaroslavl-Galician, in the Jesuit colleges.With this future hetman of Ukraine retained the Orthodox faith.
Together with his father Bogdan Khmelnitsky in the war years of 1620-21 between Poles and Turks.During the battle, his father was killed.Bogdan, after the defeat of Poles got two years captured by the Turks.From his captivity bought Cossacks.After returning home Bohdan Khmelnytsky became troop clerk.
In 1637-38 years the future hetman took part in the popular uprising.In 1638 Khmelnitsky Chigirinsky became a centurion of the regiment.After becoming famous in the courtyard of the King of Poland, he went to France to negotiate the participation of the Zaporozhye Cossacks in the battles against the Habsburgs - a major dynasties in Europe.
In 1646, during his stay in Warsaw Khmelnitsky Wladyslaw Vasa 4, Daniel Chaplinskiy (Polish nobleman) force annexed farm Saturday (patrimony Khmelnitsky), scoring his younger son to death.The conflict escalated after a large-scale liberation struggle.
Khmelnytsky tried to seek justice in court from the king.But his desire to provoke a conflict with Konetspolskogo (Polish magnate), which supported Chaplinsky.As a result, search for truth has led Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1647 under arrest.
Freed from prison, he and several associates arrived in the Sich.Soon Bohdan Khmelnytsky made to support the Cossacks, and in 1848, in January, began an uprising against the Poles.
After the expulsion of the Poles from Sich Cossacks enter into an alliance with the Crimean khan.Soon the uprising escalated into a war of liberation.In the history of it is called "Khmelnytsky."During hostilities Khmelnitsky proved himself an excellent diplomat, military leader, organizer of the state in Ukraine.
According to historians, it was thanks to the activities of Ukrainian Hetman state has made to strengthen its forces and many military successes.Under his leadership, the Cossack army won many victories.In fact, Ukraine became an independent state.
However, the country emerged and developed between large and very strong powers: the Ottoman Empire, Russia and the Commonwealth.Despite all the diplomatic skill, Khmelnytsky did not manage to achieve recognition of the independence of Ukraine in these countries.
Meanwhile, Poles, without abandoning the idea of owning the Ukrainian state, were preparing to march.Khmelnitsky realized that he needed support in the protracted struggle.As practice of war, the Crimean Tatars were unreliable ally.As a result, Bogdan had no choice but to ask for help from Russia.
Alexis was in no hurry to take under the protection of the Cossack Ukraine and took a supervisory position.In 1652 Khmelnytsky was defeated, the result of which was signed Belotserkovsky contract in which rights have been violated Ukrainian quite significantly.
During a bitter and protracted war, enemy forces were exhausted.At this time of the Russian emperor decides to meet the request of the hetman.In 1653, Little Russia (Ukraine) was annexed to Russia.As a result, Khmelnytsky was provided military aid, and Russia itself entered into a long Russian-Polish war.The first phase of the battle ended in 1656 truce.
Meanwhile, Khmelnitskiy truce did not like, and he secretly began negotiations with Sweden about the continuation of the war with Poland.However, he is forced to withdraw their ambassadors - Muscovites learned about the negotiations.
Khmelnitsky died in 1657.After his death in Ukraine began twenty years of civil strife.
In 1943, October 10 was established by the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky at the suggestion of the famous film director Dovzhenko.
