Everyone understands what terrible danger bears a fire and how important it is to protect our children from harm.Why is it so important fire safety at school?Images that we see from an early age on the walls of every child (and other) institutions - the terrible flames, people with fire extinguishers and evacuation schemes with infinite arrows.What is their problem?Do they need us?How to ensure that the rules of fire safety in the school were not empty words, but strictly respected by all?
Any educational institution - a place of mass gathering of children.Their health and sometimes lives depend on many factors, and fire safety - the most important of them.We are talking about schools, kindergartens, children's art houses, boarding schools, summer camps, and so on.So today we will talk about such a concept as the organization of fire safety in any child care.
What is it?What measures are legally in this matter?Are there officially developed fire safety rules in school, or each agency acts on its own risk?Who is responsible for it?What in this respect there are the documents?Fire safety in the school - one of the most important issues, and, of course, there are some, and strictly regulate the standards for its observance.Violation of them with serious penalties for guidance.
Organization of fire safety in any child care detailed in the standard instructions to know and comply with that obligation not only the director, but also all those who work with children.It deals with many issues - from measures to prevent fires to order the evacuation in case of disaster.The number, distribution and repair of heating appliances, electrical condition, the availability of emergency exits - all part of the concept of "fire safety".Instruction at the school on its implementation is mandatory for all employees.
consider in detail what he represents.
Fire safety regulations to comply with the law requires in all types of schools, colleges, boarding schools, kindergartens, as well as music, sports and art institutions, regardless of departmental affiliation.
Managers, employees and students in institutions must know and comply with these rules, and in case of fire to provide all measures for its suppression and evacuation.
responsible for ensuring the security of the institution director - director or the head.
What is required to make the head of an educational institution?
His task - to ensure fire safety in school or other institutions, and to monitor their compliance with workers and students, to eliminate disadvantages to acquaint children and employees with safety rules and carry out fire drill.In addition, the head is obliged to appoint senior officials who may be allowed to work only when the passage instruction.
with students should be regularly conducted lessons on safety precautions.For pupils from 4th to 11th grade, such activities are provided once a quarter.With toddlers, kindergartners and elementary school students is necessary to conduct explanatory conversations about the dangers of fire and its prevention measures.Regularly, at least once a year, carried out the month of fire safety at school.On it in a playful way of teaching and children and reinforce the skills and spend.Among the inmates are organized squad of young firefighters.
fire escape plan
In the event of fire must necessarily be an evacuation plan.The task manager - to ensure its development and adoption.It is also thought to be a sequence of warning people and responsibilities of each in extreme conditions.
fire escape plan, and its procedure is required to regularly review the circumstances change.At least once every six months should be practical exercises to simulate the event of a fire.In child care centers, which operate seasonally, such activities are provided before each shift.
In addition, the task to appoint the head of the order closing the premises at the end of the working day and control over observance of the established rules of the organization, tenants, if any.He also reports to the fire safety authorities at the event.
evening and night
in orphanages or other institutions there is a post-night duty that night and in the evening and on weekends is obliged to monitor compliance by the fire safety facilities.To do this, he must carry out certain actions.
taken over as responsible must check the condition of the fire-fighting equipment, if the telephone line is working, as well as fire alarm and lighting.Always make sure that the outputs are no cluttered, and the doors, if necessary, can be easily opened.To do this, it is important to regularly inspect all the corridors, lobbies, hallways, foyers and lobbies.
If violations are found, the duty required to remove them yourself, or notify the head (his deputy).
He should have information on the number and location of students and employees of the institution.If necessary, he reports this data to the fire department.The duty shall be in possession of a complete set of keys to all outputs and car gate, and a flashlight.
General requirements of fire safety measures in school (other institutions) primarily relate to the territory and buildings.Before the school year or at the beginning of one shift for seasonal camps their willingness verified by the relevant committees, including representatives of fire supervision.What do they look for?
On cleanliness in the territory.Fallen leaves, combustible waste and dry grass should be regularly collected and exported.Roads and driveways should always be free.If, in connection with the repair or for any other reason, a separate section of the road directions or want to close, it should urgently alert the fire brigade.In between the buildings not to be stored or put materials transport.It is impossible in the territory of campfires, burn trash or to arrange an open kitchen hearth.
Requirements for premises
If the building is a multistory, classes or groups for younger children are placed only on the first and second floors.This is required by fire safety in elementary school and kindergarten.Capacity of each room should not exceed the norm, and the furniture and equipment that is placed in the offices - interfere with the free exit of people.Extinguishing media is supposed to be always in sight.
in each corridor, lobby, lobby and posted warning signs indicating safety.Emergency exits are not cluttered.The doors are equipped with self-closing devices, repair of which is regularly monitored.During the time people in the building of all emergency exits are locked only from the inside of constipation, which is easy to open (hooks, bolts).
In those areas where children reside, carpeting and track rigidly fixed to the floor.
addition
Fire safety objects is taken into account at the stage of their design.You can not reschedule the premises without building code requirements, and to finish the walls and ceilings of combustible materials.This is the case of evacuation routes - staircases, recreation, vestibule.
not install shutters, grilles and other non-removable device in the window space, remove the doors between the corridors and stairwells, tight nail down the emergency exits.
not use makeshift heating devices.Electric stove and kettle, boilers, gas stoves can be used for labor training or cooking only in designated areas.On the escape routes should not be a mirror and false doors.
Hardware and lighting
strictly forbidden bulbs wrapping any flammable materials (cloth, paper), use kerosene lamps and candles, flammable used in cleaning compositions.
can not warm heating pipes and any other communication open fire - only steam, hot water or sand.Do not store in the pockets of working clothes closets and cleaning material, to leave unattended electrical appliances included in the network (including TV, radio, etc.).
dryer for clothes and shoes is arranged in a special room or cabinet of non-combustible material, heating is carried out only water radiators.Welding work is carried out only with the permission (in writing) of the head, according to the requirements of the relevant rules.
use an iron (with a working lights and thermostats) should be in special rooms under the supervision of a responsible employee.Other works in the laundry or storage are not allowed.Irons are placed on supports made of refractory materials.
Heating and ventilation
At the beginning of the heating season, boilers and all related instruments are thoroughly checked and repaired if necessary, personnel are trained.The boiler is prohibited to foreign works.
Under no circumstances should there be any leakage of fuel or leakage, apply it with extinct gas burners or nozzles, to begin work, if monitoring devices are faulty.
on the design of the equipment is forbidden to dry clothes and shoes, as well as left unattended operating boilers.
stove heating
rules of fire safety in the school with stove heating contain additional requirements.If the furnace is working, at the opening of its firebox floor mounted metal sheet 50 by 70 cm. Pipes and chimneys cleaned of soot not less than once every two months during the heating season.
During holidays and events of the furnace to heat prohibited.When clock stay in institution children furnace process must end no later than two hours before the departure of students to sleep.
strictly forbidden to incite use gasoline, kerosene, other flammable liquids, as well as to keep operating the oven without supervision and commissioning supervision for children after them.You can not operate the equipment if defective door and use too large firewood.
fuel must be stored in special rooms or areas not closer than 10 meters from the building.Not allowed to keep it in the basement and ground floor.
Electrical Equipment All electrical equipment in institutions must comply with safety regulations.The administration provides maintenance and checkups, eliminating noticed shortcomings.
Connections and branching veins of cables and wires are made by pressing, soldering, welding, using special clips.Placement of temporary power grids is not permitted, except where construction work.
You also can not install on external wirings and power lines over the air combustible awnings and roofs, stacks of containers, warehouses of flammable materials.
not cover electric and periodically wipe the dust.Failures can cause a short circuit, should be addressed urgently.
Faulty electrical equipment and must immediately turn off.
Do not use wires and cables with damaged insulation, use of unreliable sockets, electric wire, and twist them to hang lights, clothes and other items.
water supply in case of fire and the means to extinguish
Fire hydrants should be subject to regular maintenance and monitor their performance.They must be fitted with a sleeve placed in sealed cabinets.These hoses must be kept dry, rolled right and connected to the tap.Once a year, made their test emission of water.
All child care centers should have the necessary fire-fighting equipment, regardless of the presence of fire hydrants.Their locations are marked on the evacuation plans (GOST 12.1.114-82).
Hand fire extinguishers (GOST 12.4.009-83) must be located at a height of no more than 1.5 meters above the floor on special stands, cabinets with fire hydrants.Text instructions on their packages should be clearly visible.Place them in easily accessible places.
Other extinguishing agents
As you know, buildings are divided into categories according to the degree of fire resistance.For educational institutions located in rural areas and having a degree of fire resistance from III to V, is required to organize a fire positions.
Each post compulsorily equipped stand with a set of primary resources.What do they include?
This two fire extinguishers with a capacity of 10 liters (for foam) or 5 liters (for powder), a ladder, a bucket (4 pcs.), Hooks, axes, shovels - 2 pcs., Two barrels of water of 0.25 mcu.(winter - boxes with sand).
Use extinguishing media for business and other purposes is prohibited.
Firefighters requirements for different rooms
The classrooms should be placed exclusively necessary for the educational process aids, furniture, models, tools and so on.Store chemicals need to laborantskih or other special rooms on the shelves or in cabinets.
Demonstration transparencies, slides, shall be subject to special requirements.This setting uzkoplenochnogo film projector or slide projector on the side opposite the door, while the presence of only one group of students (50 pers.), Service installation by trained persons deposited films or slides in sealed boxes.
In carrying out the activities of cultural and mass character before they begin carefully checked all emergency exits and paths, fire-fighting equipment, the disadvantages are eliminated.
During action is assigned to duty personnel and seniors.Responsible teacher is obliged to be with the kids all the time, be instructed on safety measures and evacuation order.
Fire safety at school - activities
If the object is I or II degree of fire resistance, cultural events can be carried out on any floor, and in the buildings of III-V degree - only the first.At the same time the walls have to be plastered.In the premises of the basement and ground floors hold any public events is not allowed.
Filling halls people over standard prohibited.Number of seats in the row with no space between them - no more than a specified according to the norm.This also applies to the distance between the rows.Rates are calculated for objects depending on the class of fire resistance and possible evacuation.
width of the aisles in such areas must be at least a meter.Crossing or counter flows of people coming should not be.To reduce the width of the aisles in between the rows and install additional places is prohibited.
Fire New Year
talk about the holidays - they are particularly relevant fire safety at school.Events mass character only possible to meet a number of requirements.During the Christmas tree decoration of the hall is performed by a qualified electrician.Illumination is mounted securely, bulbs garlands must be more powerful than 25 watts.
electric cables feeding lighting - Flexible, with the good insulation, is connected to the mains plug.
In case of malfunction Christmas tree illumination should be shut down immediately to resolve the issue.
Costumes children and adults of cotton, paper or other combustible materials are not permitted.
can not be used when placing a Christmas tree celluloid toys, candles and fireworks, as well as to decorate the stand and cotton threads.
If a fire does happen
First, we should take care of the evacuation of children.
