Time of Troubles in Russia's history is a deep crisis affecting foreign policy, social, economic and cultural development of the country.Beginning at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, it coincided with the boyars' opposition groups, each of which aspired to power.Almost a disaster is considered to be the Time of Troubles in Russia.
causes of the crisis were in the economic ruin of the state, increasing social tensions resulting from the Livonian War (from 1558 till 1583) and oprichnina.The main features of this period should include intervention, imposture, anarchy.Some authors are inclined to consider the Time of Troubles in Russia in the first civil war.
This period was estimated by contemporaries, as the era of "shatosti", "embarrassment drain" as a result of which caused conflicts and bloody clashes.
Time of Troubles in Russia began the dynastic crisis.Tsar Ivan the Terrible killing his son Ivan.To power the second - Fedor.The third son Dmitry died.Many people at that time were convinced that the latter stabbed henchmen Boris Godunov, in fact, played the role of the ruler of the country.After the death of childless Fyodor Godunov came to power.Thus, the state lost the last heir of Rurik.
Godunov was considered a wise and energetic ruler, but to stop the knights could not intrigue.
was followed by a poor harvest that caused the famine.The result was the first social explosion.At the same time, the weakness of Russia hastened to use the Rzeczpospolita (Polish-Lithuanian union).At the same time Poland has Lzhedmitry I (Grigory tow, Galich nobleman survivors declared himself the son of Ivan the Terrible).
After the sudden death of Godunov, and non-recognition of the ruler of his son Fyodor, False Dmitry I at the end of 1604, with a small army entered Russia.As a result, an impostor almost a year ruled the country.False Dmitry I was overthrown.King was appointed SHUISKI.
near Moscow, settling in the village of Tushino in 1608, the new False Dmitry II (its origin is unknown), besieged Moscow.
Time of Troubles in Russia in 1609 is characterized by the division of the country.The Muscovy had two rulers, two of the Duma, two patriarchs (in Tushino in Moscow Filaret Hermogenes).Thus was formed the two territories.One recognized the power of the False Dmitry II, as the latter was true Shumsky.
In 1610, in July, was overthrown and Shumsky forcibly tonsured a monk.Temporarily power passed to the "council of seven."This government has signed with Sigismund III (King of Poland) agreement enthroned Wladyslaw (son of Sigismund III).
1611 is characterized by intensification of patriotic sentiment, the growing calls for the restoration of the unity of the state and an end to strife.In the same year, the first militia formed.However, he was free from the Moscow authorities "council of seven" failed.The first militia collapsed.In Pskov, I was at the same time proclaimed king False Dmitry III.
the fall of the second militia was formed at the initiative of Minin and Pozharsky.As a result of the march on Moscow in 1612 (26 October), the capital was liberated.In 1613, the Zemsky Sobor was elected governor of sixteen Mikhail Romanov.In addition, he returned from captivity in Russia Patriarch Filaret (Father Michael).
In 1617 signed a treaty of stolbovo, in which Sweden won the shore of Gulf of Finland and Korela.The following year, a truce was signed with Poland, in which Russia gave her Chernigov, Smolensk and some other cities.
Despite significant territorial losses, heavy and long the crisis is over.However, the effects of which are caused by the Time of Troubles in Russia has affected over the next decade.
