Military Reform Alexander 2 has become a necessity after the Crimean War.The battle to fully cover all the flaws of the Russian army has shown its inability to resist the power of the bourgeois countries.The military system required fundamental changes.Change Minister (instead Dolgoruky was put Suhozanet) not really changed the situation.Some spending cuts and the elimination of military settlements could not lead to change.
Assessing what is happening, the king realized that the agency needs a completely new people and a new approach to the management of the army.
Military Reform Alexander 2 began with the appointment of Dmitry Milyutin the post of minister.This figure, possessing excellent training in theory, the necessary experience and skills, as well as excellent personal qualities fit like no other, the role reorganizer Russian army.
First of all, the service life was reduced to 16 years (25).Further, it was forbidden to give to the soldiers for crimes, corporal punishment, which had been circulated in the army.Military reform of Alexander 2 presupposes the introduction of literacy.
Milutin created a new system of governance.Formation of military districts eliminates excessive centralization, contributed to the rapid (if necessary) the deployment of the army.Along with this military reform and touched Alexandra 2 of the Military Ministry.The reorganization of the structure involves the transfer of more powers to the Minister.In addition, the reformed military and educational institutions.It allowed to bring qualitative changes in the officer corps.In addition, help change and the ongoing judicial reform of Alexander 2.
reorganization measures taken, however, it was not enough.It should have been a fundamental change in all military affairs, involves the introduction of a new system of forces.Thus, everything was going to introduce conscription to replace the old conscription.The new system is supposed to take soldiers on short-term service, after which they are credited to the reserve.Such a process allows for the formation of troops through the army the majority of the population.If necessary, the past service of the people can always be quickly mobilized.This approach to the formation of forces can significantly reduce costs.In addition, to facilitate and the service itself.
Milutin first tried to express the idea of changing the method of army equipment in 1862.But his words did not find response.Meanwhile, in Europe continued to develop military and technical power, enhancing military sentiment among large states.Under these conditions, complete reorganization of the army was needed.However, its implementation is not only hindered the resistance generals and aristocracy.Effective innovations could be developed in the presence of Transport and Communications, in a rapid mobilization of the reserve.By the early 60s of the 19th century, this system was absent in Russia.
By the early 70s the development of the rail network facilitated military transformation.
new draft Charter was adopted in 1874, on 1 January.Since then, the compulsory military service applies to all men, has reached twenty years, the population of the state.Thus, in time of peace in the Russian army was relatively small, and in the event of war, the State had the opportunity to call on the stock and the militia, creating a massive army.
In addition, the conversion also affected by armed soldiers.With the new system of formation of the troops has been applied and the modern system of guns, entered service rifle.At the same time it developed the construction of the fleet.
great reforms of Alexander 2 in the military helped to improve the combat capability of the army of the country.
