water evaporation or transpiration, - this is a very important part of the life of the plant.Water absorbed by the root system together with dissolved minerals that are essential for the normal growth of the organism.Most of the absorbed water evaporates leaves.
role of water in the development of the plant organism .Water - a very important element, and its role in the life of the plant is difficult to overestimate.Due to the water supported cell turgor, making the leaves and stems are flexible and resilient.Without enough liquid plant quickly withers.
In addition, together with the water absorbed by the root minerals are distributed to all organs of the plant.Moisture also protects the body from overheating.The evaporation of water by plants takes place mainly through the stomata - specialized education on the leaves.In some measure transpiration and carried his body through the coating plant tissue.
stomata and their structure .Evaporation of water leaves occurs mainly through specialized structures called stomata.Stomata consists of two crescent-shaped guard cells, between which there is a small crack.The inner wall of guard cells thicker and the outer - thin.Under the structure is a small cavity.
stomata may be on both sides of the sheet.But many plants, they are located on the inner portion.But aquatic plants whose leaves are contacted with water (e.g., water lily), - on the outer side of the leaf.
is worth noting that the stomata are responsible not only for the evaporation of water, but also for gas exchange with the atmosphere - through them are oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Evaporation of water: how it happens? As mentioned, transpiration can occur through covers the entire body of a plant body - in this case it is called a cuticular.The leaves, stems and other organs of the young plants are covered with a single layer of the epidermis - through and removal of moisture occurs.In the more mature plants is deposited on the outer surface of the cuticle and ball of wax, which protects the body from excessive moisture loss and drying out.Therefore, cuticular transpiration in mature leaves minimized.
Main evaporation takes place is through the stomata.To start the water moves through the xylem vessels, then goes on the cell walls into the intercellular spaces, where going to podustichnye cavity.
opening and closing of stomata primarily influenced by the amount of water.When moisture accumulates in the guard cells, they stretch and take on a crescent shape - in this case a gap opens.If the water in the cells is not enough, they lose turgor, their walls are falling down and close the crack.
On condition affects stomata and carbon dioxide.If the level in the tissues of plants plummets, it activates the process of opening of the stomata.And at excessively high concentrations of the gas gap closes.That is why the stomata are closed at night, when photosynthesis stops the process.
evaporation of water and its quantitative characteristics .Like any other process, transpiration has its quantitative indicators, which are used in agriculture, science and other spheres of human life.
example, transpiration rate shows how many grams of water allocated to a specific part of the plant area per unit of time.Measuring the efficiency of transpiration, it is possible to say how much the dry weight of the plant has been accumulated during the evaporation of one kilogram of water.A defining these indicators, we can find some characteristics of individual plant species, to establish the conditions necessary for its productive growth.
