Few aspects of the era of space exploration activities have had such a strong impact on the daily life of mankind, as the concept of the geostationary orbit, which is closely coupled with the invention of the satellite communications.These two factors had a true technological and scientific breakthrough, lends tremendous momentum of development not only in telecommunications technology, but the whole science in general, which allowed people to bring life to a new level.
It is allowed to cover the entire planet a dense web of sustainable radio and to connect even the most remote point of the world in a way that has recently been the subject of dreams of scientists and a topic for science fiction writers.Today we can talk freely on the phone with polar explorers in Antarctica or over the Internet instantly connect to any computer on the surface of the globe.And all this thanks to the geostationary orbit communication satellites.
Geostationary orbit - a circular orbit, which is located just above the planet's equator.Geostationary orbit is unique in that there are on satellites have an angular velocity of the Earth, equal to the speed of rotation of the planet around its own axis, enabling them to always "float" above the same point on the surface.This provides stability and exceptional quality of the radio signals.
geostationary orbit, as a kind of geosynchronous orbit and possessing unique characteristics, is widely used for the placement of telecommunications, teletranslyatsionnyh, meteorological, scientific research and other satellites.The height of the geostationary orbit 35,785 kilometers above sea level.It is this precisely calculate the height and provides a synchronous rotation of the planet.Artificial satellites, located on GEO orbit in one direction with a globe.This is the only possible combination of parameters at which the effects of synchronous motion of the satellite and the planet.
geostationary orbit has an alternative name - Belt Clark, on behalf of the person who owns the lion's share of merit in the development of ideas and development of the concept of geostationary and geosynchronous orbits.In 1945, its publication in the journal «Wireless World» he determined the orbital characteristics of the narrow portion of near-Earth space, and offered to discuss the technical parameters necessary for the communications system earth-moon.
With the rapid development of telecommunications and space technologies into a geostationary orbit a unique space with a strip irreplaceable and fundamentally limited resource.Emergency load this section a variety of satellites has become a serious problem.Experts predict that in the 21st century is expected a cruel competitive economic and political confrontation for a place in the geostationary orbit.International political agreements not solve this problem.There will be a quite a stalemate.And in the next two decades, according to competent forecast the geostationary orbit as the most advantageous place for the satellite system is completely exhausted their resources.
One of the most likely solution would be the construction in orbit of heavy multi-platform stations.With modern technology, one such station can successfully replace dozens of satellites.These platforms will be more cost-effective satellites and will serve as a convergence of the information.
