The reign of Ivan the Terrible, is the first Grand Duke, to anoint officially in 1547, it began in 1533.Many sources can meet the negative characteristics of the time of his reign.But history indicates a large number of achievements in Russia during the reign of John 4 Vasilyevich.
Instead of three orphaned Prince Ivan came to the throne, his mother - Elena Glinskaya.However, five years later, she died.Little John grew up in a bitter struggle for the rule of the boyars, then one, then the others came to power.Changed and the head of the Russian Church.All this is reflected in the character of the future monarch.At sixteen, the King ascended the throne.
In the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the first period was greatly influenced by the Holy Metropolitan Macarius.In this era of the Zemsky Sobor released "Code of Law".The right to own protection Litigation Reform has given everyone, and the death penalty was used only after the case was considered sovereign.In addition, it acquired great importance local government has established a system of church primary education.Board of Ivan the Terrible, and marked the beginning of printing.
slave Khanate King stopped worrying then Russia (Astrakhan and Kazan), releasing hundreds of thousands of Russian people from captivity.It was defeated in 1560 over the Livonian Order.Russia regained its old town Kolyvan, St. George and others.Unfortunately, in the second period of the reign of Ivan Vasilyevich, they again were lost as a result of defeat in the war.When the Emperor began development in Siberia - in 1581 it was undertaken a campaign of Ermak.
death of his wife Anastasia (she was poisoned in 1560), Metropolitan Macarius, new attempts boyars oppose the government changed the behavior of the Emperor.At this time the reign of Ivan the Terrible is characterized by historians as cruel, harsh, menacing.King began to eliminate suspects and disagreeable to him.
In 1564, in April, Ivan the Terrible had betrayed his close ally, the governor of the Emperor in Dorpat Andrei Kurbsky.It should be noted that quite a large part of the sympathetic Kurbsky boyars.The situation in the country forced to leave Moscow Ivan the Terrible at the end of 1564, and in January next year to announce his descent from the throne.
However, rebellious to the power of the boyars Muscovites asked the King to return.February 2, back to the throne, John V. 4, proceeded to approve "oprichnina".This special troops with a certain management and territory was to be the cartel authority against the traitors.The rest of the states referred to as "zemshchina."It should be noted that the oprichnina was not able to destroy the nobility, but considerably weakened him.
reign of Ivan the Terrible was marked by a significant expansion of the country's territory.During the reign of Ivan Vasilyevich Russia has acceded to the Siberian, Astrakhan, Kazan kingdom of the North Caucasus and Nagayya.Russia began to exceed the dimensions of the area of Europe.
consequences of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, of course, were both positive and negative.Negative phenomena include lasted oppression, violence, central, local government and spiritual power, as well as seizure of land lords.All this provoked clashes and contradictions.Among the local population uprisings, the people refused to carry out duties.
reign of Ivan the Terrible was an important step in the development of the state.When John 4 Vasilyevich was built 300 new cities, 155 castles, the population has increased to 4.5 million. People (2.5 mln. People).In the era of the reign of Ivan the Terrible was also an attempt to create the first fleet in Russia.
